• Source: HMS Victoria (1859)

HMS Victoria was a 121-gun screw first-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. She and her sister ship HMS Howe were the first and only British three-decker ships of the line to be designed from the start for screw propulsion, and were the largest wooden battleships of their time. Between 1860 and 1867 Victoria was in active service as flagship of Britain's Mediterranean Fleet under Vice-Admiral Robert Smart. She was paid off in 1867 without ever seeing combat, and was sold for scrap in 1893.




Construction


With a displacement of 412631⁄94 tons burthen she was the world's second largest wooden battleship after her sister ship HMS Howe. She was also the world's second largest warship until the completion of HMS Warrior, Britain's first ironclad battleship, in 1861.
Victoria's hull was 79.2 metres (260 feet) long and 18.3 metres (60 feet) wide. She had a medium draught of 8.4 metres (28 feet). Her hull was heavily strapped with diagonal iron riders for extra stability. Victoria was the first British battleship with two funnels.
She was armed with 121 guns (32 8-inch smooth-bore muzzle-loading on the lower gun deck, 30 8-inch (200 mm) on the central gun deck, 32 32-pounders on the upper gun deck, 26 32-pounders and one 68-pounder on the upper deck).
Victoria was ordered on 6 January 1855, laid down on 1 April 1856 at Portsmouth, and launched on 12 November 1859. She cost a total of £150,578 (equivalent to £11,764,000 in 2010) and had a complement of 1,000.
During trials in Stokes Bay on 5 July 1860 Victoria reached a top speed of 11.797 knots (21.848 km/h), making her the fastest three decker worldwide, along with the French Bretagne. Her Maudslay engine was powered by 8 boilers and developed 4,403 ihp.




Naval service


After completion Victoria was laid up as part of the reserve fleet at Portsmouth from 1860 to 1864.
She first entered active service on 2 November 1864, when she became Flagship of the Mediterranean fleet under Vice-Admiral Robert Smart and Captain James Graham Goodenough (from 1865: Rear-Admiral Lord Clarence Paget, Captain Alan Henry Gardner). Victoria was based in Malta until 1867 when she returned home. Her armament had been reduced to 102 guns.
Her last public appearance came at the 1867 Spithead Review and she was paid off on 7 August 1867. She became part of the reserve fleet at Portsmouth again, eventually had her armament reduced to 12 guns, and was sold for scrapping on 31 May 1893 without ever having fired her guns in anger.




References






Bibliography


Andrew Lambert: "Battleships in Transition" (published by Conway Maritime Press Ltd, 1984), ISBN 0-85177-315-X
NAVIES IN TRANSITION: The perfecting of the wooden man-of-war in the context of early 19th century international politics. A small guide to surviving and reconstructed 19th century warships from the pre-ironclad era in naval architecture. By Dirk J. Vries
Battleships-Cruisers Naval History website.
Winfield, Rif (2010). First Rate: The Greatest Warships of the Age of Sail. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 9781591142645.




External links


Media related to HMS Victoria (1859) at Wikimedia Commons

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