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    • Source: HongShan

      • HongShan Capital Group (or HSG, Chinese: 红杉中国; pinyin: Hóngshān Zhōngguó) is a Chinese venture capital firm founded in 2005. It was previously the China investment arm of Sequoia Capital (Sequoia) and was known as Sequoia Capital China and Sequoia China before it was rebranded and spun-off as an separate entity.
      HongShan is headquartered in Hong Kong with additional offices in Beijing, Shanghai, London, Singapore, and Shenzhen.
      HongShan has expanded its focus over the years beyond early-stage investing to also cover growth stage, infrastructure, healthcare and consumer, and buyout funds. The firm manages around $56 billion in assets.


      Background




      = Sequoia China (2005 to 2023)

      =
      In 2005, Neil Shen and Zhang Fan co-founded Sequoia China with under the guidance of Sequoia partners Michael Moritz and Douglas Leone. The two were selected by Sequoia to lead the firm's venture in China.
      In 2009, Zhang resigned from Sequoia China for personal reasons leaving Shen to be entirely in charge of Sequoia China's operations. By that period, the firm had raised a combined $1 billion for three U.S. dollar-denominated China funds and 1 billion yuan for a local currency yuan-denominated investment fund.
      Afterwards Sequoia China raised more money, mostly from US institutional investors and built a successful investment record which included companies such as Alibaba Group, JD.com, Meituan and ByteDance. Historically 90% of returns came from consumer, consumer tech and healthcare fields. No other US investment manager had same level of success in China as Sequoia China. By 2023, Sequoia China had invested in over 1,000 projects.
      In June 2023, Sequoia announced that it would be splitting off Sequoia China as an separate entity and would be completed by 31 March 2024. This came at a time of rising tensions in China–United States relations where Chinese leaders did not want to see US investors reaping rewards from their companies and US leaders did not want to see money being used to invest in Chinese technology such as semiconductors. However Sequoia denied that rising tensions were the reasons for the split. Sequoia China would be rebranded as HongShan (a pinyin romanisation of its Chinese name, which means redwood) in English but its Chinese name remained the same. Going forward, the firm will be raising capital as a Chinese venture capital firm rather than as the Chinese arm of an American venture capital firm.


      = HongShan (2023 to present)

      =
      In July 2023, HongShan announced that had set up and office in Singapore and was making plans to use it as a base to invest in Southeast Asia. It was speculated that it would be competing with Peak XV Partners, the Indian and Southeast Asian investment arm of Sequoia China that was also split off in June 2023. HongShan has stated there are no plans to open an office in the US.
      In October 2023, the United States House Select Committee on Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party asked Sequoia in a letter to provide details about investments in artificial intelligence and other high-tech sectors made by it and HongShan. Members also questioned Sequoia if its decision to split-off HongShan would insulate some capital flows from US regulatory scrutiny. This was because HongShan relied on limited partners to finance deals so the split would not stop US institutional investors from continuing to invest in it. In addition, members also sated HongShan would be likely to scrap the national security screening mechanism that Sequoia had created to evaluate investments by its companies. Members also accused HongShan of funnelling US capital into investments that contributed to human rights abuses and military modernisation with examples being DeepGlint and ByteDance. Additional requests included identifying any limited partners domiciled in China or that manage funds for state-owned or affiliated entities and to confirm the number of HongShan's limited partners that are US investors. So far US limited partners were not targeted and institutional investors that invest in Hongshan are confident they can continue their relationship with HongShan after the United States Department of the Treasury finalises restrictions on outbound investment mandated by a executive order.
      In November 2023, it was reported that despite scrutiny from US lawmakers, several new investors signed on with HongShan. They include CalPERS and University of Washington Investment Management. Existing investors such as CPP Investment Board and Regents of the University of California added additional commitments.
      In July 2024, HongShan raised its first new fund as a separate entity. It raised 18 billion RMB ($2.5 billion) for its new fund to invest in startups.
      In October 2024, HongShan set up a London office to look for investment opportunities in Europe with plans to make overseas investments.
      In November 2024, it was reported HongShan was struggling to deploy its large cash pile in a sluggish domestic market and tightening US controls.


      References




      External links


      Official website

    • Source: Hong Shan

      • Hong Shan, Hongshan or the Red Mountain (Chinese: 红山; Pinyin: Hóng Shān; Uyghur: قىزىلتاغ, Қизилтағ; Qiziltagh) is an inner city mountain in Ürümqi, capital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. The mountain, sometimes referred to as a hill for its smaller size than a mountain in land form, is the symbolic scenic spot of Ürümqi. The local Ürümqi Television Station adopted the shape of Hong Shan in red as its logo.


      Etymology


      As the rocks of the mountain reflect a bright red color, people call it Hong Shan ("Red Mountain" in Chinese). The red rocks are composed of dark purple sand gravel laid down during the Permian period. Hong Shan Mountain lies at the intersection of Hongshan Road (红山路) and Riverside Road (Hetan Road) (河滩路), Ürümqi, and is best viewed from Xi Daqiao Bridge (西大桥).


      History


      Hong Shan Park is in the center of Ürümqi and contains a 1391-meter-high mountain. The temple lying on the hilltop is called Yu Huang Ge ("Chamber of Heavenly King") and is said to have been built during the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD), when many monks studied scripture there. There is a nine-storey pagoda named Zhen Long Ta (Genuine dragon Pagoda) at the top of the mountain. It was built in Yuan dynasty (1277–1367 AD). This 25-meter pagoda has been preserved carefully ever since it was built. The pagoda's view at sunset is considered to be one of the eight most famous scenic sights in ancient Ürümqi.
      Before the Chinese government began the cultivation-planting project in Xinjiang, Hong Shan was treeless. After several years of planting, the mountain gained its current tree covered appearance.


      References




      External links


      Pictorial History of Urumqi’s Hong Shan Park (in English)
      天山网：乌鲁木齐－红山 (in Chinese)

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