• Source: Huon Gulf languages

The Huon Gulf languages are Western Oceanic languages spoken primarily in Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea. They may form a group of the North New Guinea languages, perhaps within the Ngero–Vitiaz branch of that family.
Unusually for Oceanic languages, two North Huon Gulf languages, Bukawa and Yabem, are tonal. The only other tonal Oceanic languages are found in New Caledonia.




Classification


According to Lynch, Ross, & Crowley (2002), the structure of the family is as follows:

North Huon Gulf linkage
Markham family
South Huon Gulf linkage
Numbami




Proto-language



Proto-Huon Gulf was reconstructed by Malcolm Ross in 1988 in Proto-Oceanic and the Austronesian Languages of Western Melanesia. It is reconstructed on the basis of shared phonological, morphosyntactic and lexicosemantic innovations relative to Proto-Oceanic, such as the pervasive lenition of Proto-Oceanic *p to *v, the acquisition of a final *-c in some words, the idiosyncratic change of Proto-Oceanic *boRok 'pig' to Proto-Huon Gulf *boR, and the loss of all verb-deriving prefixes such as *pa- 'causative', *paRi- 'reciprocal', *ma- 'stative', and *ta- 'intransitive'.




= Vowels

=
The vowels of Proto-Huon Gulf, according to Ross, are:




= Consonants

=
The consonants of Proto-Huon Gulf, according to Ross, are:




References



Ross, Malcolm (1988). Proto Oceanic and the Austronesian languages of western Melanesia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Huon Gulf languages
• North Huon Gulf languages
• South Huon Gulf languages
• Markham languages
• Bukawa language
• Tami language
• Kala language
• Iwal language
• Markham
• Finisterre–Huon languages