- Source: Hydroxycarboxylic acid
Hydroxycarboxylic acids are carboxylic acids containing one or more hydroxy (alcohol) functional groups. They are of particular interest because several are bioactive and some are useful precursors to polyesters.
The inventory is large.
Important or common examples
Glycolic acid, HOCH2CO2H, the parent hydroxycarboxylic acid, precursor to laquers
Hydroxypropionic acids, e.g., CH3CH(OH)CO2H (lactic acid), component of milk. chiral
Hydroxybutyric acids, CH3CH(OH)CH2CO2H (beta-Hydroxybutyric acid), carbon-storage compound
Citric acid, HO2CC(OH)(CH2CO2H)2, energy-carrying compound and iron-chelator
Salicylic acid, 2−HOC6H4CO2H, precursor to aspirin
Ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxy-9-cis-octadecenoic acid)), a major component of the seed oil obtained from castor plant
Common amino acids:
Serine (2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid), HOCH2CH(NH2)CO2H
Threonine
Tyrosine, 4−HOC6H4CH2CH(NH2)CO2H
Aldonic acids are sugar acids with the general chemical formula, HO2C(CHOH)nCH2OH.
Gluconic acid, a particularly common aldonic acid, the oxidized derivative of glucose
Subclasses
Classes of hydroxycarboxylic acid are named by where the hydroxy group is on the carbon chain relative to the carboxylic group.
Alpha hydroxy acid
Beta hydroxy acid
Omega hydroxy acid
See also
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor
References
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