• Source: ISO/IEC 14443

ISO/IEC 14443 Identification cards – Contactless integrated circuit cards – Proximity cards is an international standard that defines proximity cards used for identification, and the transmission protocols for communicating with it.




Standard


The standard is developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1 (Joint Technical Committee 1) / SC 17 (Subcommittee 17) / WG 8 (Working Group 8).




= Parts

=
ISO/IEC 14443-1:2018 Part 1: Physical characteristic
ISO/IEC 14443-2:2020 Part 2: Radio frequency power and signal interface
ISO/IEC 14443-3:2018 Part 3: Initialization and anticollision
ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018 Part 4: Transmission protocol




= Types

=
Cards may be Type A and Type B, both of which communicate via radio at 13.56 MHz (RFID HF). The main differences between these types concern modulation methods, coding schemes (Part 2) and protocol initialization procedures (Part 3). Both Type A and Type B cards use the same transmission protocol (described in Part 4). The transmission protocol specifies data block exchange and related mechanisms:

data block chaining
waiting time extension
multi-activation
ISO/IEC 14443 uses the following terms for components:

PCD: proximity coupling device (the card reader)
PICC: proximity integrated circuit card




= Modulation methods

=
Type A cards use Amplitude-Shift Keying (ASK) with Modified Miller coding for Reader-to-Tag communication. For Tag-to-Reader communication, they use On-Off Keying (OOK) with Manchester code.
Type B cards use ASK with NRZ coding for Reader-to-Tag communication and Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK) with NRZ-L encoding for Tag-to-Reader communication.
Both Type A and Type B cards only allow half duplex communication with a 106 kbit per second data rate in each direction. Data transmitted by the card is load modulated with a 847.5 kHz subcarrier. (847.5 kHz is one-sixteenth of the 13.56 carrier frequency provided by the reader.)




Physical size


Part 1 of the standard specifies that the card shall be compliant with ISO/IEC 7810 or ISO/IEC 15457-1, or "an object of any other dimension".




Notable implementations


Ventra cards used in bus and trains
MIFARE cards (partial or full implementation, depending on product)
Biometric passports
EMV payment cards (PayPass, Visa payWave, ExpressPay)
National identity cards in the European Economic Area
Near Field Communication is based on in part, and is compatible with, ISO/IEC 14443
Calypso, open security standard for transit fare collection systems
CIPURSE, open security standard for transit fare collection systems
Nabaztag:tag uses z:tamp and nano:ztag ISO/IEC 14443 Type B.




See also


ISO/IEC 7816, "with contact" smart card standard
ISO/IEC 15693, another protocol for NFC cards
ISO/IEC 18000, another protocol for NFC cards
International Civil Aviation Organization § Standards
List of ISO standards
FeliCa




References






External links


Draft ISO/IEC 14443 standards
Requirements of ISO/IEC 14443 Type B Proximity Contactless Identification Cards, Application Note, Rev. 2056B–RFID–11/05, Atmel Corporation,

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• ISO/IEC 646
• Kartu pintar
• Komunikasi medan dekat
• ISO 3166-1
• Mastercard
• ISO 2047
• ISO 3166
• FeliCa
• ISO 8601
• MPEG-21
• ISO/IEC 14443
• ISO/IEC 7816
• ISO/IEC 7813
• Near-field communication
• FeliCa
• ISO/IEC 20000
• ISO/IEC 15288
• ISO/IEC 2022
• ISO/IEC 7810
• ISO/IEC 42010