• Source: Isoetales

Isoetales, sometimes also written Isoëtales, is an order of plants in the class Lycopodiopsida.
There are about 140-150 living species, all of which are classified in the genus Isoetes (quillworts), with a cosmopolitan distribution, but often scarce to rare. Living species are mostly aquatic or semi-aquatic, and are found in clear ponds and slowly moving streams. Each leaf is slender and broadens downward to a swollen base up to 5 mm wide where the leaves attach in clusters to a bulb-like, underground corm characteristic of most quillworts. This swollen base also contains male and female sporangia, protected by a thin, transparent covering (velum), which is used diagnostically to help identify quillwort species. Quillwort species are very difficult to distinguish by general appearance. The best way to identify them is by examining the megaspores under a microscope.
Isoetes are the only living pteridophytes capable of secondary growth.




Fossils


Some authors include the tree-like "aboresecent lycophytes", which formed forests during the Carboniferous period, and often assigned to their own order, Lepidodendrales, within Isoetales.
Fossilised specimens of Isoetes beestonii have been found in rocks dating to the latest Permian-earliest Triassic. During the Early Triassic, Isoetales, such as the long-stemmed Pleuromeia were dominant over large areas of the globe. The oldest fossil closely resembling modern quillworts is Isoetites rolandii from the Late Jurassic of North America.




References






External links


Media related to Isoetales at Wikimedia Commons
World list of all species in order Isoetales from World Ferns by M. Hassler in the Catalogue of Life, 203 species.
Data related to Isoetales at Wikispecies

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Isoëtales
• Isoëtopsida
• Tumbuhan paku
• Lycopodiophyta
• Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
• Isoetales
• Lycopodiopsida
• Lycophyte
• Isoetes
• Triassic
• Pteridophyte
• Fern ally
• List of ferns and fern allies of Great Britain and Ireland
• Permian–Triassic extinction event
• Isoetes louisianensis