- Source: Jagdstaffel 11
Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 11 ("No 11 Fighter Squadron"; commonly abbreviated to Jasta 11) was founded on 28 September 1916 from elements of 4 Armee's Kampfeinsitzerkommandos (or KEKs) 1, 2 and 3 and mobilized on 11 October as part of the German Air Service's expansion program, forming permanent specialised fighter squadrons, or "Jastas". It became the most successful fighter squadron in the Luftstreitkräfte.
Founding
Jasta 11's first commander was First Lieutenant (Oberleutnant) Rudolf Lang, from its mobilization at Brayelles, until 14 January 1917. Jasta 11's first months of operations were very undistinguished.
It was not until the appointment of 24-year-old Cavalry Captain (Rittmeister) Manfred von Richthofen on 16 January 1917 as Commanding Officer that the unit commenced its path to fame and immortality. Von Richthofen, later known as the Red Baron (due to the practice of painting his aircraft red for easy identification during combat) was already an able tactical pilot and ace following several months of service in Jasta 2 and became a highly effective unit commander who led his pilots by example. He already had 16 victories and was awarded the Pour le Merite just before he assumed his command.
The unit was first based at Douai-Brayelles and then Roucourt for operations over the 6 Armee on the Arras front, the Jasta were equipped with various models of the excellent Albatros D.III sesquiplane fighter. Between 22 January 1917 and the end of March the Jasta claimed some 36 victories. The beginning of the Battle of Arras in early April meant a higher number of targets, with Jasta 11 logging 89 claims for aircraft destroyed in April (from a total of 298 made by all German fighter units for the month.) This decimation of the Royal Flying Corps became termed "Bloody April".
The Jasta's performance is all the more extraordinary as the unit usually flew in small flights of six or fewer. Significant 'scorers' in the unit that April were Manfred von Richthofen (21 claims), Lt. Kurt Wolff (22), Lt. Karl Schäfer (15), Manfred's brother Lothar (15) and NCO pilot Sebastian Festner (10).
Members
Cavalry Captain (Rittmeister) Manfred von Richthofen
First Lieutenant (Oberleutnant) Rudolf Lang
Lt. Kurt Wolff
Lt. Karl Schäfer
Lothar von Richthofen
Wilhelm Reinhard
Sebastian Festner
Erich Rüdiger von Wedel
Hans Wolff
Willi Gabriel
Werner Steinhäuser
Anton Baierlein
Karl Allmenröder
Eberhard Mohnicke
Wolfram von Richthofen
Wilhelm Gisbert Groos
Erich Just
George Schiller
Friedrich T. Noltenius
Alfred Niederhoff
Hans-Georg von der Osten
Edgar Scholtz
Hans Weiss
Siegfried Gussmann
(Oberleutnant) Georg "Simon" Shöster
Otto Brauneck
Hermann Göring
Carl-August von Schoenebeck
Ernst Udet
Carlos Meyer Baldó
Richard Wenzl
Incorporation into JG I
On 26 July 1917, Jasta 11 became part of Jagdgeschwader 1 - a collection of four Jastas into one administrative and highly mobile tactical force. Richthofen was promoted to command JG I, which was the second fighter wing in the history of military aviation. It was dubbed 'Richthofen's Flying Circus' because it mimicked a circus's logistics by using dedicated railway trains to transport it to forward airfields, and because of its vividly painted aircraft.
In September 1917, Jasta 11 would be equipped with Fokker Dr.I triplanes. It would operate these until April–May 1918, when it received the Fokker D.VIIs it would use until war's end.
Manfred von Richthofen remained Jasta commander until 26 June 1917, when his deputy, Leutnant Karl Allmenroeder took over. Following the latter's death the next day, former Jasta 11 pilot Leutnant Kurt Wolff took over after his transfer back from Jasta 29. After Wolff was wounded in September, Oberlt. Wilhelm Reinhard took charge until Wolff returned. Soon after Wolff was killed in action on 15 September, thereafter Lothar took command. Jasta 11 would then have a bewildering succession of other temporary commanding officers, especially when Lothar was frequently away from the front recovering from wounds.
Oberleutnant Erich Rüdiger von Wedel was the last Staffelführer, from September 1918 until the end of the war. The Jasta was demobilised at Darmstadt on 16 November 1918.
Jasta 11 eventually became the highest scoring German Jasta of World War I, with 350 claims. The first was scored on 23 January 1917, the 100th on 23 April, the 200th on 17 August, the 250th on 2 April 1918, the 300th on 28 June 1918; the 350th was on 19th Sept 1918 (the Jasta 11 last victory) was the shooting down of a Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8 of No. 3 Squadron RAAF [Pilot Lt. Clifford Peel and Observer Lt. J. P.Jeffers (both killed)] by Leutnant Julius Schulte-Frohlinde.[4 Victory claims]
It numbered no fewer than twenty aces among its ranks, and "graduated" pilots to command numerous other Jastas in the German Air force. In return it suffered 17 pilots killed, 2 captured as prisoners, and 2 killed in flying accidents. Its loss rate was thus less than one-tenth of its opponents, although it also suffered 19 wounded in action.
References
Kilduff, Peter (1997). The Red Baron Combat Wing: Jagdgeschwader Richthofen in Battle. Arms and Armour. ISBN 1854092669. OCLC 38423201.
Franks, Norman L. R; Bailey, Frank W; Guest, Russell (1994). Above the lines: the aces and fighter units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps, 1914-1918. Grub Street. ISBN 0-948817-73-9.
Richthofen's Circus': Jagdgeschwader Nr 1. Greg VanWyngarden, Harry Dempsey. Osprey Publishing, 2004. ISBN 1-84176-726-3, ISBN 978-1-84176-726-0.
Notes
External links
Media related to Jagdstaffel 11 at Wikimedia Commons
Jasta 11 at The Aerodrome