• Source: Jain communities

The Jains in India are the last direct representatives of the ancient Shramana tradition. People who practice Jainism, an ancient religion of the Indian subcontinent, are collectively referred to as Jains.




Sangha



Jainism has a fourfold order of muni (male monastics), aryika (female monastics), Śrāvaka (layman) and sravika (laywoman). This order is known as a sangha.. Many Jains are in general caste.




Cultural influence


The Jain have the highest literacy rate in India, 94.1.% compared with the national average of 65.38%. They have the highest female literacy rate, 90.6.% compared with the national average of 54.16%.
As per national survey NFHS-4 conducted in 2018 Jains were declared wealthiest of any community with 70% of their population living in top quintiles of wealth.
The sex ratio in the 0-6 age group is the second lowest for Jain (870 females per 1,000 males).




Communities


Jains are found in almost every part of India. There are about 100 different Jain communities in India. They can be divided into five groups based on historical and current residence:




= Central India

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Jainism in Bundelkhand
Jainism in Madhya Pradesh




= Western India

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Jainism in Gujarat (Gujarati Jain)
Jainism in Maharashtra (Marathi Jain)
Jainism in Mumbai




= Northern India

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Jainism in Delhi
Jainism in Uttar Pradesh
Jainism in Rajasthan (Marwari Jain)




= Southern India

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Jainism in Karnataka
Jainism in Kerala
Jainism in North Karnataka
Jainism in Tamil Nadu (Tamil Jain)




= Eastern India

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Jainism in Bengal
Jainism in Nagaland




Diaspora


Virchand Gandhi made a presentation of Jainism at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago in 1893, marking one of the earliest appearances of Jainism outside India. The World Jain Congress was held in Leicester in 1988.

Jainism in Europe
Jainism in Canada
Jainism in the United States
Jainism in East Africa - One of the oldest Jain overseas diaspora. Their number was estimated at 45,000 at the independence of the East African countries in the early 1960s. Most members of the diaspora belonged to Gujarati speaking Halari Visa Oshwal Jain community originally from the Jamnagar area of Saurashtra.
Jainism in West Africa




Population


The Jain population in India according to 2011 census is 0.54% i.e. 4,451,753 (Males 2,278,097; Females 2,173,656) out of the total population of India 1,210,854,977 (males 623,270,258; females 587,584,719). The tabular representation of Jain population in the major states of India as per 2011 Census data released by the government is:

The Jain population in United States is estimated to be about 150,000 to 200,000.
In Japan, there are more than 5,000 families who have converted to Jainism and the religion is growing there.




See also


Legal status of Jainism as a distinct religion in India
List of Jains
Sarak




References






= Citations

=




= Sources

=
Adam, Michel (2015), Indian Africa: Minorities of Indian-Pakistani Origin in Eastern Africa, Mkuki na Nyota Publishers, ISBN 978-9987-08-297-1
Babb, Lawrence A. (2004), Alchemies of Violence: Myths of Identity and the Life of Trade in Western India, Sage, ISBN 978-0-7619-3223-9
Dundas, Paul (2002) [1992], The Jains (Second ed.), Routledge, ISBN 0-415-26605-X
J. Gordon Melton; Martin Baumann, eds. (2010), Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, vol. One: A-B (Second ed.), ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-1-59884-204-3
Facets of Jainology : Selected Research Papers on Jain Society, Religion and Culture/Vilas Adinath Sangave. Mumbai, Popular Prakashan, 2001
Shah, Natubhai (2004), Jainism, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-1938-2
Singh, K. S. (1989), People of India (Rajasthan ed.), Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7154-769-2
Singh, K. S., ed. (2004), People of India: Maharashtra (Anthropological Survey of India), Mumbai, India: Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7991-102-0
Singh, Kumar Suresh (2004), People of India: Maharashtra (Anthropological Survey of India), vol. 1, Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7991-100-6




External links


Hukonchu.com - resource for Jain literature and religious information
"Jainism in America" by Yashwant K. Malaiya
Jain Jagruti Centre, Toronto
Jain Temple at Palitana, Gujarat - Vidhya Vihaar

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Sambandar
• Nayanar
• Appar
• Tevaram
• Tamilakam
• Jainisme di Jepang
• Darma
• Amerika Serikat
• Orang India Indonesia
• Bahasa Sanskerta
• Jain communities
• Jainism
• Jainism in Maharashtra
• Jainism in India
• Parwar (Jain community)
• Tamil Jain
• Agrawal Jain
• Jain literature
• History of Jainism
• Jainism in Southeast Asia