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  • Source: James T. Rapier

    • James Thomas Rapier (13 November 1837 – 31 Mei 1883) adalah seorang politikus Afrika-Amerika asal Alabama pada Era Rekonstruksi. Ia menjabat sebagai anggota DPR Amerika Serikat dari Alabama, dalam satu masa jabatan dari 1873 sampai 1875. Lahir merdeka di Alabama, ia meraih perguruan tinggi dan gelar hukum di Skotlandia dan Kanada sebelum bekerja di Tennessee.


    Referensi




    Bacaan tambahan


    Bailey, Richard. They Too Call Alabama Home: African American Profiles, 1800-1999. Montgomery: Pyramid Publishing, 1999.
    Feldman, Eugene. Black Power in Old Alabama: The Life and Stirring Times of James T. Rapier, Afro-American Congressman from Alabama, 1839-1883. Chicago: Museum of African American History, 1968.
    Feldman, E. "James T. Rapier: Negro Congressman from Alabama." Phylon Quarterly 19 (4th Quarter, 1958): 417-423.
    Freeman, Thomas J. The Life of James T. Rapier. M. A. Thesis, Auburn University, 1959
    Foner, Eric. Freedom's Lawmakers: A Directory of Black Officeholders during Reconstruction., (Baton Rouge: LSU Press: 1996) second edition. ISBN 0-8071-2082-0
    Franklin, John Hope. A Southern Odyssey: Travelers in the Antebellum North (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1976)
    Logan, Rayford W. and Michael R. Winston, Dictionary of American Negro Biography (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1982)
    Rabinowitz, Howard N., ed., Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era, (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1982), pp. 79–100.
    Ragsdale, Bruce A. and Joel D. Treese, Black Americans in Congress, 1870-1989 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990).
    Schweninger, Loren. James T. Rapier and Reconstruction (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978)
    Schweninger, L. "James Rapier and the Negro Labor Movement, 1869-1872," Alabama Review 28 (July 1975): 185-201.
    "James Thomas Rapier" in Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007. Prepared under the direction of the Committee on House Administration by the Office of History & Preservation, U. S. House of Representatives. Washington: Government Printing Office, 2008


    Pranala luar


    Congressional biography
    James T. Rapier's June 9, 1874 Speech on the Civil Rights Bill
    John Hope Franklin, "1979 presidential address to the American Historical Association", discusses Walter F. Fleming's representation of Congressman James T. Rapier as a "carpetbagger"
    (Inggris) James T. Rapier di Find a Grave

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