- Source: January 2018 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Wednesday, January 31, 2018, with an umbral magnitude of 1.3155. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 1.4 days after perigee (on January 30, 2018, at 4:55 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.
Because the Moon was near its perigee on January 30, it may be described as a "supermoon", when the Moon's distance from the Earth is less than 360,000 km (223,694 miles). The previous supermoon lunar eclipse was on September 28, 2015. The Moon was 360,202 km (223,819 mi) from the Earth. This eclipse also coincided with a blue moon, which occurs when there are two full moons in the same calendar month, or if there are four full moons in the same season (third of four is blue moon). As this supermoon was also a blue moon (the second full moon in a calendar month), it was referred to as a "super blue blood moon"; "blood" refers to the typical red color of the Moon during a total lunar eclipse. This event was called a 'Trifecta'. This coincidence last occurred on December 30, 1982 for the eastern hemisphere, and otherwise before that on March 31, 1866. The next occurrence will be on January 31, 2037, one metonic cycle (19 years) later.
Background
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes within Earth's umbra (shadow). As the eclipse begins, Earth's shadow first darkens the Moon slightly. Then, the shadow begins to "cover" part of the Moon, turning it a dark red-brown color (typically – the color can vary based on atmospheric conditions). The Moon appears to be reddish because of Rayleigh scattering (the same effect that causes sunsets to appear reddish) and the refraction of that light by Earth's atmosphere into its umbra.
The following simulation shows the approximate appearance of the Moon passing through Earth's shadow. The northern portion of the Moon is closest to the center of the shadow, making it darkest and reddest in appearance.
= "Super blue blood moon"
=This was a "supermoon", as the Moon was near to its closest distance to earth in its elliptical orbit, making it 7% larger in apparent diameter or 14% larger in area, than an average full moon. The previous supermoon lunar eclipse was during the September 2015 lunar eclipse.
The full moon of January 31, 2018 was the second full moon that calendar month (in most time zones), making it, under one definition of the term, a "blue moon".
Additionally referencing the orange or red "blood" colors that occur during a lunar eclipse, media sources described the event as a "super blue blood Moon".
Characteristics
= Visibility
=The Pacific Ocean was turned toward the Moon at the time of the eclipse. Central and eastern Asia (including most of Siberia), Philippines, Indonesia, New Zealand and most of Australia got a good view of this moon show in the evening sky. For Western Asia, the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East and Eastern Europe, the eclipse was underway as the moon rose.
Along the U.S. West Coast, the total phase began at 4:51 a.m. PST. The further east, the closer the start of the partial phases coincided with moonset. Along the U.S. Atlantic Seaboard, for instance, the Moon had only just begun to enter the darkest part of Earth's shadow, the umbra, at 6:48 a.m. EST when it disappeared from view below the west-northwest horizon. The duration of the total phase was 77 minutes, with the Moon tracking through the southern part of the Earth's shadow. During totality, the Moon's lower limb appeared brighter than the dark upper limb.
= Timing
=Gallery
= North America
== Asia and Middle East
== Oceania
=Eclipse details
Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.
Eclipse season
This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
Related eclipses
= Eclipses in 2018
=A total lunar eclipse on January 31.
A partial solar eclipse on February 15.
A partial solar eclipse on July 13.
A total lunar eclipse on July 27.
A partial solar eclipse on August 11.
= Metonic
=Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of April 15, 2014
Followed by: Lunar eclipse of November 19, 2021
= Tzolkinex
=Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of December 21, 2010
Followed by: Lunar eclipse of March 14, 2025
= Half-Saros
=Preceded by: Solar eclipse of January 26, 2009
Followed by: Solar eclipse of February 6, 2027
= Tritos
=Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of March 3, 2007
Followed by: Lunar eclipse of December 31, 2028
= Lunar Saros 124
=Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of January 21, 2000
Followed by: Lunar eclipse of February 11, 2036
= Inex
=Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of February 20, 1989
Followed by: Lunar eclipse of January 12, 2047
= Triad
=Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of April 2, 1931
Followed by: Lunar eclipse of December 2, 2104
= Lunar eclipses of 2016–2020
=The January 2018 lunar eclipse is the first ascending node eclipse of the lunar eclipse series sets from 2016 to 2020. It is also part of Saros cycle 124.
A similar eclipse occurs on 31 January 2037, one metonic cycle of 19 years in the future.
= Half-Saros cycle
=A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two annular solar eclipses of Solar Saros 131.
See also
List of lunar eclipses
List of 21st-century lunar eclipses
References
External links
2018 Jan 31 chart: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
Hermit eclipse: 2018-01-31
LunarEclipse2018.org
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