• Source: Japanese destroyer Murakumo (1898)

Murakumo (叢雲, "Gathering Clouds") was the lead ship of six Murakumo-class destroyers, built for the Imperial Japanese Navy in the late 1890s. Murakumo took part in the Japanese response to the Boxer Rebellion (1900), saw action in several major engagements during the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), and served during World War I (1914–1918).




Construction and commissioning


Authorized under the 1896 naval program, Murakumo was laid down on 1 October 1897 by John I. Thornycroft & Company at Chiswick, England, as Torpedo Boat Destroyer No. 4. On 16 March 1898, she was named Murakumo. When the Imperial Japanese Navy established its Naval Warship and Torpedo Boat Classification Standards on 21 March 1898, she was classified as a torpedo boat destroyer. Launched on 16 November 1898, she was completed on 29 December 1898 and commissioned the same day.




Service history


Murakumo completed her delivery voyage from England to Japan on 23 April 1899 with her arrival at Yokosuka. On 30 April 1900 she participated in a large naval review held off Kobe, Japan, where she was placed in the fourth row. On 22 June 1900, the Imperial Japanese Navy established its Naval Vessel Classification Standard, abolishing the classification of "torpedo boat destroyer" and establishing the classification of "destroyer" as a type of warship, and under the new classification scheme Murakumo was classified as a destroyer. Also as of 22 June 1900, she was assigned to the Sasebo Naval District and incorporated into the Standing Fleet. During 1900, she took part in the Japanese intervention in the Boxer Rebellion in China. On 10 April 1903, she participated in a large naval review held off Kobe and was placed in the third row.
When the Russo-Japanese War broke out in February 1904, Murakumo was part of the 5th Destroyer Division of the 2nd Fleet. During the war, she took part in the Battle of Port Arthur in February 1904, the Battle of the Yellow Sea in August 1904, and the Battle of Tsushima in May 1905. During the Battle of Tsushima, Murakumo could not get into position for a torpedo attack against the Russian fleet during the night of 27–28 May 1905, but while steaming to a rendezvous on the morning of 28 May she came across the Japanese protected cruisers Niitaka and Otowa as they pursued the damaged Imperial Russian Navy protected cruiser Svetlana, which was attempting to escape northward under escort by the destroyer Buistri after the fleet action of the previous day. Keeping ahead of the Japanese cruisers, Murakumo kept Buistri from interfering with them until Svetlana ceased fire and went dead in the water after suffering additional damage. While Otowa finished off Svetlana, Buistri fled with Murakumo and Niitaka in hot pursuit. The chase culminated late in the morning in Buistri′s crew running her aground on the coast of the Korean Peninsula, partially blowing her up, and then surrendering to local authorities. Murakumo also took part in the Japanese invasion of Sakhalin in July 1905. After the war, she participated in a triumphant naval review held off Yokohama, Japan, on 23 October 1905 and was placed in the fourth row.
On 18 November 1908, Murakumo participated as a ship in the sixth row of a large-scale naval review off Kobe. On 28 August 1912, the Imperial Japanese Navy revised its ship classification standards. It established three categories of destroyers, with those of 1,000 displacement tons or more defined as first-class destroyers, those of 600 to 999 displacement tons as second-class destroyers, and those of 599 or fewer displacement tons as third-class destroyers. Under this classification scheme, Murakumo became a third-class destroyer.
After Japan entered World War I in August 1914, Murakumo operated off Tsingtao, China, in support of the Siege of Tsingtao. Later that year, she took part in the Japanese seizure of the German Empire′s colonial possessions in the Caroline, Mariana, and Marshall Islands.
Murakumo was stricken from the navy list on 1 April 1919, designated as a "miscellaneous vessel" for use as a submarine tender and minesweeper, and renamed Murakumo Maru. On 1 July 1920, she was reclassified as a "special duty vessel" for use as a second-class minesweeper and renamed Murakumo. On 1 April 1922, she was reclassified as a "utility vessel" for use as a target ship. An inspection conducted on 30 January 1925 revealed that her hull and other parts of the ship had deteriorated. On 4 June 1925, she was sunk as a live-fire target in the Pacific Ocean off the Sunosaki Lighthouse in Chiba Prefecture.




Commanding officers


SOURCE:

Lieutenant Commander Shushiro Fujimoto 29 March 1898 (pre-commissioning)
Lieutenant Commander Shuzo Matsuoka, 22 June 1900 – 11 September 1904
Lieutenant Kanta Shimauchi, 11 September 1904 – 12 December 1905
Lieutenant Commander Kanta Shimanouchi, 12 December 12, 1905 – 8 February 1906
Lieutenant Koichi Masuda: 8 February 1906 – 10 May 1906
Commander Kiyoshi Tsukiyama, 10 May 1906 – 4 October 1906
Lieutenant Commander Tsuruhiko Horie, 4 October 1906 – 17 May 1907
Lieutenant Noda Tameyoshi, 17 May 1907 – 16 May 1908
Lieutenant Eijiro Tanabe, 16 May 1908 – 28 May 1908
Lieutenant Captain Naonobu Hirata, 28 May 1908 – 25 September 1908
Lieutenant Yoshikazu Maekawa, 25 September 1908 – 11 March 1909
Lieutenant Kotaro Fujita, 11 March 1909 – 23 May 1911
Lieutenant Keiji Yamazaki, 23 May 1911 – 20 December 1912
Lieutenant Commander Sohei Horiuchi, 20 December 1912 – 29 May 1914
Lieutenant Commander Kazuo Kawakita, 29 May 1914 – unknown
Lieutenant Commander Shuzo Adachi: unknown – 13 December 1915
Lieutenant Commander Kunitaro Kamimoto, 13 December 1915 – 12 September 1916
Lieutenant Noboru Wakayama, 12 September 1916 – 1 December 1916
Lieutenant Shuji Ehara, 1 December 1916 – 10 September 1918
Lieutenant Genzo Honda, 10 September 1918 – unknown




References






= Citations

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= Bibliography

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Cocker, Maurice (1983). Destroyers of the Royal Navy, 1893-1981. Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-1075-7.
Corbett, Julian S. (1994). Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905, Volume II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-129-7.
Evans, David (1979). Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887-1941. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-192-7.
Gilbert, Martin (1995). First World War. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780006376668. OCLC 1244719073.
Halpern, Paul G (1994). A Naval History of World War I. Routledge. ISBN 1-85728-498-4.
Howarth, Stephen (1983). The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun: The Drama of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1895-1945. Atheneum. ISBN 0-689-11402-8.
Jane, Fred T. (1904). The Imperial Japanese Navy. Thacker, Spink & Co. ASIN: B00085LCZ4.
Jentsura, Hansgeorg (1976). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-893-X.
Lyon, David (1981). The Thornycroft List. Greenwich: National Maritime Museum.
Nelson, Andrew N. (1967). Japanese–English Character Dictionary. Tuttle. ISBN 0-8048-0408-7.
Stille, Mark (2016). The Imperial Japanese Navy of the Russo-Japanese War. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-1119-6.
Watts, Anthony John (1971). The Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945. London: Macdonald & Co. (Publishers) Ltd. ISBN 0-356-03045-8.

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