- Source: Japanese in the United Kingdom
Japanese in the United Kingdom include British citizens of Japanese ancestry (Japanese: 日系イギリス人, Hepburn: Nikkei Igirisujin) or permanent residents of Japanese birth or citizenship, as well as expatriate business professionals and their dependents on limited-term employment visas, students, trainees and young people participating in the UK government-sponsored Youth Mobility Scheme.
Background
= History and settlement
=Settlement first began in the late 19th century with the arrival of Japanese professionals, students and their servants. 264 citizens of Japan resided in Britain in 1884, the majority of whom identifying as officials and students. Employment diversified in the early 1900s with the growth of the Japanese community, which exceeded five hundred people by the close of the first decade of the 20th century.
As tensions escalated between Japan and the United Kingdom in the buildup to World War II, some Japanese left their home country to settle in Britain while many more returned to Japan. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and assault on Hong Kong in December 1941, 114 Japanese men including expatriate businessmen and merchant seamen were detained as enemy aliens on the Isle of Man.
In the post-war era, new waves of immigration emerged in the 1960s, mainly for business and economic purposes. In recent decades this number has grown; including immigrants, students, and businessmen. In 2014 the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs estimated that there were 67,258 Japanese nationals resident in the United Kingdom For British nationals of Japanese heritage, unlike other Nikkei communities elsewhere in the world, these Britons do not conventionally parse their communities in generational terms as Issei, Nisei, or Sansei.
= Students
=The first Japanese students in the United Kingdom arrived in the nineteenth century, sent to study at University College London by the Chōshū and Satsuma domains, then the Bakufu (Shogunate). Later many studied at Cambridge University and a smaller number at Oxford University until the end of the Meiji era. The reason for sending them was to catch up with the West by modernizing Japan. Since the 1980s, Japanese students in the United Kingdom have become common thanks to cheaper air travel.
Demographics
Parts of the United Kingdom, in particular London, have significant Japanese populations, such as Golders Green and East Finchley in North London. Derbyshire has a significant Japanese population due to its Toyota plant, and is twinned with Toyota, Aichi. Similarly Telford is home to numerous Japanese firms.
According to the 2001 UK Census, 37,535 Japanese born people were residing in the UK, whilst the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs estimates that 50,864 Japanese nationals were calling the UK home in 2002. In the 2011 Census, 35,313 people in England specified their country of birth as Japan, 601 in Wales, 1,273 in Scotland and 144 in Northern Ireland. 35,043 people living in England and Wales chose to write in Japanese in response to the ethnicity question, 1,245 in Scotland, and 90 in Northern Ireland. The Office for National Statistics estimates that, in 2015, 43,000 people born in Japan were resident in the UK.
Japanese is the primary language of Japan, and the 2011 Census found that 27,764 people in England and Wales spoke Japanese as their main language, 27,305 of them in England alone, and 17,050 in London alone. The 2011 Census also found that 83 people in Northern Ireland spoke Japanese as their main language.
Organisations
The Japan Society and Japan Foundation support cultural programmes about Japanese culture.
Notable individuals
Below is a list of notable British people of Japanese heritage. Temporary individuals and expatriates are not included and can be found at Category:Japanese expatriates in the United Kingdom.
British citizens born in the UK of Japanese ancestry
Miki Berenyi – singer, of mixed Hungarian and Japanese ancestry
Rowan Hisayo Buchanan – writer
China Chow – actress, of mixed European and East Asian ancestry
Esprit D'Air – rock band with various musicians of Japanese ancestry
Hanako Footman – actress and writer, of mixed English and Japanese ancestry
Simon Fujiwara - artist
Adam Nathaniel Furman – artist and designer
Claire Kohda – writer and violinist of mixed Japanese and English ancestry
Andrew Koji – actor and martial artist of mixed English and Japanese ancestry, known for The Innocents and Warrior
MiChi (Michiko Sellars) – dance-pop singer in Japan
Naomi J. Ogawa – actress, of mixed British and Japanese ancestry
Jasmine Rodgers - lead singer of English alternative rock band Bôa
Steve Rodgers - guitarist of English alternative rock band Bôa
Will Sharpe – actor of mixed English and Japanese ancestry
Georgie Yukiko Donovan - documentary director of mixed English and Japanese ancestry
British citizens born overseas of Japanese ancestry (as well as Japanese citizens) in the UK
Kae Alexander - actress
Haruka Abe - actress
Sarah Bonito – lead singer of South London band Kero Kero Bonito
Taka Hirose – bassist, of the band Feeder
Togo Igawa – actor
Sir Kazuo Ishiguro – novelist, 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature winner
Haruka Kuroda – actress
Akiko Matsuura - drummer, lead singer of the band Pre
Eleanor Matsuura – actress
Matt McCooey – actor
Kaoru Mfaume – entertainment producer
Naoko Mori – actress
Sonoya Mizuno – actress, known for Ex Machina and La La Land
Hinako Omori - musician
Rina Sawayama – singer
Aki Schilz – writer and editor
Dame Mitsuko Uchida – pianist
Hikaru Utada - singer
Diana Yukawa – violinist
Asami Zdrenka – former member of British girlband Neon Jungle
May Kershaw - keyboardist of Black Country, New Road
Other
Jun Tanaka – American born TV chef of Channel 4's Cooking It
James Lord Bowes
Scott MacKenzie, darts player, born in Brazil to mixed Japanese and Scottish parentage
Yoko Ono – Japanese artist
Education
= Primary and secondary schools
=Many state and independent schools in the United Kingdom serve Japanese children. As of 2013, about 10-20% of Japanese school-age residents in the United Kingdom attend full-time Japanese curriculum-based international schools. These schools include the Japanese School in London, and the boarding schools Rikkyo School in England and Teikyo School United Kingdom.
The Shi-Tennoji School in Suffolk was in operation from 1985 to its date of closing, 17 July 2000. The Gyosei International School UK in Milton Keynes closed in 2002, after 15 years of operation.
= Post-secondary education
=The Teikyo school maintains Teikyo University of Japan in Durham at the Lafcadio Hearn Cultural Centre at the University of Durham.
A boarding college in Winchester, Hampshire, the Winchester Shoei College at the University of Winchester (formerly Shoei Centre at King Alfred's College), is an affiliate of the Shoei Gakuin. It opened in 1982.
Gyosei International College in the U.K. opened in 1989 in Reading, Berkshire on land formerly controlled by the University of Reading and its name later changed to the Witan International College. In 2004 the University of Reading announced that it took control of the Witan college.
= Supplementary education
=The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) has eight Saturday Japanese supplementary schools in operation. As of 2013, 2,392 Japanese children in Canterbury, Cardiff, Derby, Edinburgh (school is in Livingston), Leeds, London, Manchester (school is in Lymm), Sunderland (school is in Oxclose), and Telford attend these schools.
Derby Japanese School (ダービー日本人補習校, Dābī Nihonjin Hoshūkō) - Morley, Erewash, Derbyshire
Japanese Saturday School in London
Japanese School in Wales (ウェールズ補習授業校, Wēruzu Hoshū Jugyō Kō) - Cardiff
Kent Japanese School (ケント日本語補習校, Kento Nihongo Hoshū Jugyō Kō) - Located in Canterbury - Its time of establishment is August 2005
Manchester Japanese School (マンチェスター日本人補習授業校, Manchesutā Nihonjin Hoshū Jugyō Kō) - Lymm, Warrington, Cheshire
North East of England Japanese Saturday School (北東イングランド補習授業校, Hokutō Ingurando Hoshū Jugyō Kō) - Oxclose, Tyne and Wear (near Newcastle-upon-Tyne)
The Scotland Japanese School (スコットランド日本語補習授業校, Sukottorando Nihongo Hoshū Jugyō Kō)) - Livingston (near Edinburgh), established in 1982
Telford Japanese School (テルフォード補習授業校, Terufōdo Hoshū Jugyō Kō) - Stirchley, Telford
Yorkshire and Humberside Japanese School (ヨークシャーハンバーサイド日本語補習校, Yōkushā Hanbāsaido Nihongo Hoshūkō) — Leeds
See also
British East and Southeast Asian
Britons in Japan
Japanese diaspora
Japan–United Kingdom relations
Japan Society of the UK
Japanese students in the United Kingdom
Japan–British Exhibition
Japanese community of London
Notes
References
Conte-Helm, Marie (1996). The Japanese and Europe: Economic and Cultural Encounters (17 December 2013 ed.). Bloomsbury Academic Collections); A&C Black. ISBN 9781780939803. (ISBN 1780939809)
Itoh, Keiko (2001). The Japanese Community in Pre-War Britain. RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0-7007-1487-1.
External links
The Japan Foundation
UK Japanese forum
Reassessing what we collect website - Japanese London History of Japanese London with objects and images
Japanese Media based in the UK: Eikoku News Digest
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Perang Dunia II
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- Japanese in the United Kingdom
- Japan–United Kingdom relations
- List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Japan
- United Kingdom declaration of war on Japan
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- Outline of the United Kingdom
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