• Source: Khinalug language

Khinalug (also spelled Khinalig, Khinalugi, Xinalug(h), Xinaliq or Khinalugh) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by about 3,000 people in the villages of Khinalug and Gülüstan, Quba in the mountains of Quba Rayon, northern Azerbaijan. It forms its own independent branch within the Northeast Caucasian language family.
Khinalug is endangered, and classified as "severely endangered" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.




History


Khinalug is the language of the village Khinalug in the Quba district of Azerbaijan. It has been tentatively classified by previous researchers as a member of the Lezgian family of the Dagestani branch of Northeast Caucasian languages Although Khinalug is the official language of the village, it is mostly spoken by villagers in informal circumstances, while the national language Azerbaijani is used formally for educational purposes and to communicate with non-Khinalug speakers. Khinalug is considered to be a threatened language. In recent years, the road leading to the villages where it is spoken has fallen into disrepair, leaving the area mostly isolated.




Phonology


The Khinalug language previously had its own script. Alexander Kibrik and a team of 13 linguists from Moscow State University visited the village in 2005. In 2007 they developed a Latin orthography for Khinalug, in collaboration with local school teachers in the village. It is presented in angle brackets on the tables below.




= Consonants

=
1 The cedilla in the orthography is in the middle of the bottom of the , as is typical of Russian linguistics.
2 Kh and gh are rare.
3 Kx is very rare.
4 The pharyngeal sounds mostly appear in Arabic loanwords.




= Vowels

=

Khinalug has nine vowels and four diphthongs.

Diphthongs include: [iu] [ui] [oe] [oa].




Vocabulary


The following words were phonetically transcribed from Khinalug:

Note: ı is roughly pronounced as the e in "fallen". u is roughly pronounced as the ou in "coup".




Alphabet






See also


Khinalug people
Lists of endangered languages
List of endangered languages in Asia




References






Further reading


Desheryev, Ju. D. (1959). Grammatika xinalugskogo jazyka. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR.
Hewitt, George (2004). Introduction to the Study of the Languages of the Caucasus. Munich: LINCOM. p. 29.
Kibrik, Aleksandr E. (1972). Fragmenty grammatiki xinalugskogo jazyka. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo Universiteta.
Kibrik, Aleksandr E. (1994). "Khinalug". In Smeets, Rieks (ed.). The Indigenous Languages of the Caucasus. Vol. 4. Delmar, NY: Caravan Books. pp. 367–406.
Khvisiashvili, Tamrika (2013). (Accessed 2024-11-18) Principal Aspects of Xinaliq Phonology and Morphosyntax (PhD dissertation). The Language Archive: University of Utah. {{cite book}}: Check |url= value (help)




External links



Appendix:Cyrillic script
Khinalug basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
Khinalug tongue&culture
Khinalug alphabet Video on YouTube
Extended Latin: Khinalug
Khvisiashvili's dissertation on DOBES (registration needed)

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Bahasa Khinalug
• Khinalug
• O dengan gelombang
• Azerbaijan
• Rumpun bahasa Kaukasus Timur Laut
• Suku Budukh
• Daftar bahasa menurut rumpun bahasa
• Khinalug language
• Khinalug
• Khinalug people
• Languages of Azerbaijan
• U with tilde (Cyrillic)
• Schwa with tilde
• O with tilde (Cyrillic)
• Northeast Caucasian languages
• North Caucasian languages
• Ye with tilde