• Source: Khosrov IV of Armenia

Khosrov IV (Armenian: Խոսրով Դ; died 415 or 418), called Khosrov III in some sources, was a noble of the Arsacid dynasty who served as the Sasanian client king of Armenia from 384/385 until 389 and again from 414 to 415 or 417 to 418. He was appointed king of Armenia by the Sasanian king, who gave Khosrov his sister in marriage. During his reign, Armenia was partitioned into Roman and Sasanian sectors with the Peace of Acilisene in 387. Khosrov reigned in the eastern, Sasanian part, while his relative Arshak III reigned in the western, Roman part. He reigned for about five years before being denounced by the Armenian nobility for conspiring with Rome and deposed and deported to Iran. He was briefly restored to the throne after the death of his brother and successor Vramshapuh, but he died not long after that.




Origins


Khosrov IV was a member of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia. His parentage is not mentioned in the old Armenian sources. The 5th–6th-century Armenian historian Ghazar Parpetsi calls him the brother of Vramshapuh, who succeeded Khosrov as king in 389. Ferdinand Justi, Cyril Toumanoff and Christian Settipani assume that Khosrov was the son of the earlier Armenian king Varazdat.




Reign



Khosrov's enthronement is placed before the official partition of Armenia in 387 in the Buzandaran Patmutʻiwnkʻ, but Movses Khorenatsi's history places it after this event. Presumably, it occurred after the death of Vologases (Vagharshak), who was co-ruler of Armenia along with his brother Arshak III under the regency of Manuel Mamikonian. According to Nina Garsoïan, the de facto partition of Armenia had probably occurred already in 384/5, around which time Manuel died, Arshak was forced to flee west to Ekeghiats by the pro-Persian faction of Armenian nakharars (high-ranking nobles), and Khosrov was appointed king of the eastern part of Armenia with a Persian tutor. In 387, the partition was formalized with the Peace of Acilisene (Ekeghiats), with the new border running north to south from a point east of Karin (modern Erzurum) to Mesopotamia west of Nisibis. Khosrov IV kept the Arsacid capitals of Artashat and Dvin in his kingdom, while Arshak ruled in Roman-controlled Ekeghiats until his death c. 390. The partition of Armenia was followed by the final stage of Arsacid rule in Armenia.
The Sasanian king Shapur III gave his sister Zruandukht as wife to Khosrov IV, as well as a large army to protect Armenia and a tutor from the House of Zik. Khosrov reigned for about five years, until 389, when he was denounced by the Armenian nobility for conspiring with Rome and deposed and deported to Iran. He was replaced by his brother Vramshapuh as King of Armenia. Movses Khorenatsi adds that Khosrov's fall from power was because of his appointment of Sahak I as catholicos without Sasanian approval. Per Khorenatsi, he was imprisoned in the Castle of Oblivion in Khuzistan. After the death of Vramshapuh, Khosrov was released from exile and restored to the throne in 414 or 417. According to Khorenatsi, this occurred after Catholicos Sahak visited the court of the Sasanian king Yazdegerd I to request Khosrov's release. However, Khosrov died not long thereafter (eight months according to Ghazar Parpetsi, one year per Khorenatsi) in 415 or 418. His death was followed by a short period of direct Sasanian rule under Yazdegerd's son Shapuh, but in 422, Vramshapuh's son Artaxias IV was appointed king of Armenia.




Notes






References






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= Bibliography

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Acharian, Hrachia (1944). "Khosrov G. Arshakuni" Խոսրով Գ․ Արշակունի. Hayotsʻ andznanunneri baṛaran Հայոց անձնանունների բառարան [Dictionary of Armenian personal names] (in Armenian). Vol. 2. Erevan: Petakan hamalsarani hratarakchʻutʻyun. pp. 532–533.
Arzumanian, Makich, ed. (1979). "Khosrov G" Խոսրով Գ. Haykakan sovetakan hanragitaran Հայկական սովետական հանրագիտարան [Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia] (in Armenian). Vol. 5. Erevan: Haykakan hanragitarani glkhavor khmbagrutʻyun. p. 79.
Garsoïan, Nina G. (1989). The Epic Histories Attributed to Pʻawstos Buzand (Buzandaran Patmutʻiwnkʻ). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-25865-7.
Garsoïan, Nina (2004a). "The Aršakuni Dynasty". In Hovannisian, Richard G. (ed.). The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century. Palgrave Macmillan.
Garsoïan, Nina (2004b). "The Marzpanate (428–652)". In Hovannisian, Richard G. (ed.). The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century. Palgrave Macmillan.
Ghazar P'arpec'i (1985) [Translated in 1980]. Ghazar P'arpec'i's History of the Armenians. Sources of the Armenian Tradition. Translated by Bedrosian, Robert. New York.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (Online text.)
Justi, Ferdinand (1895). Iranisches Namenbuch (in German). Marburg: N. G. Elwert.
Manandian, Hakob (1957). Kʻnnakan tesutʻyun hay zhoghovrdi patmutʻyan, hator B, masn A Քննական տեսություն հայ ժողովրդի պատմության, հատոր Բ, մասն Ա [Critical theory of the history of the Armenian people, volume II, part I] (in Armenian). Erevan: Haypethrat.
Moses Khorenatsʻi (1978). History of the Armenians. Translation and commentary by Robert W. Thomson. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-39571-9.
Settipani, Christian (2006). Continuité des élites à Byzance durant les siècles obscurs. Les princes caucasiens et l'Empire du VIe au IXe siècle. Paris: De Boccard.
Toumanoff, Cyrille (1976). Manuel de généalogie et de chronologie pour l'histoire de la Caucasie chrétien (Arménie - Géorgie - Albanie). Rome: Edizioni Aquila.

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• Dinasti Arshakuni Armenia
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• Khosrov IV of Armenia
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• Arsacid dynasty of Armenia