• Source: Kutubuan languages

The Kutubuan languages are a small family of neighboring languages families in Papua New Guinea.
They are named after Lake Kutubu in Papua New Guinea.




Languages


There has been some debate over whether they are closer to each other than to other languages, but Usher includes them both in the Kikorian branch of the tentative Papuan Gulf stock.
Within the two branches, the lexicostatistical figures are 60–70%. Between the two branches, they are 10–20%.

East Kutubuan
Foe, Fiwaga
West Kutubuan
Fasu, Some, Namumi




Lexical reconstruction


Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:




Modern reflexes


Proposed Kutubu reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:
Foi language:

gage- ‘carry on back’ < *kak(i,u)
ku- ‘die’ < *kumV-
na- ‘eat’ < *na-
korage ‘leg’ < *k(a,o)ondok[V]
gariko ‘neck’ < *k(a,e)(nd,t)ak
ira ‘tree’ < *inda
kuba ‘wind’ < *kumbutu
ya ‘bird’ < *yaka(i)
babo ‘mother’s sister’ < *mbamba ‘older same sex sibling’
Fasu language:

ku- ‘die’ < *kumV-
na- ‘eat’ < *na-
reke- ‘stand’ < ta,e,i)k[V]
ama ‘mother’ < *am(a,i)
apa ‘father’ < *apa
himu ‘heart, stomach’ < *simb(i,u)
iti ‘hair’ < *iti[C]
korake ‘leg’ < *k(a,o)ndok[V]
kinu ‘shoulder’ < *kinV
kau ‘skin’ < *k(a,o)(nd,t)apu
sikini ‘hand’ < *sa(ŋg,k)(a,i)l
pisi ‘urine’ < *pisi
mane(raka) ‘make the law’ < *mana ‘instructions’
horop ‘long’ < *k(o,u)ti(mb,p)V
api(a) ‘husband’ < *ambi ‘man’
papa ‘mother’s sister’ < *mbamba ‘older same sex sibling’
ira ‘tree’ < *inda
sakipu ‘sand’ < *sa(ŋg,k)asiŋ
kupa ‘wind’ < *kumbutu




Vocabulary comparison


The following basic vocabulary words are from Franklin (1975), Franklin & Voorhoeve (1973), McElhanon and Voorhoeve (1970), and Shaw (1986), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:
The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. auřu, airu, alu for “tongue”) or not (e.g. weḷia, kakusa, yapi for “blood”).




References






External links


Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Proto–Lake Kutubu

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Rumpun bahasa Trans-Nugini
• Kutubuan languages
• East Kutubuan languages
• Fasu language
• Trans–New Guinea languages
• Papuan languages
• Papuan Gulf languages
• Teberan–Pawaian languages
• Somahai language
• Kolopom languages
• Fiwaga language