• Source: Laurie Spiegel

Laurie Spiegel (born September 20, 1945) is an American composer. She has worked at Bell Laboratories, in computer graphics, and is known primarily for her electronic music compositions and her algorithmic composition software Music Mouse. She is also a guitarist and lutenist.
Spiegel's musical interpretation of Johannes Kepler's Harmonices Mundi appeared on "Sounds of Earth" section of the Voyager Golden Record. Her 1972 piece "Sediment" was included in the 2012 film The Hunger Games.
She has been inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.




Education


Spiegel's early musical experiences were largely self-directed, beginning with the mandolin, guitar, and banjo she had as a child, which she learned to play by ear. She taught herself Western music notation at the age of 20, after which she began writing down her compositions.
Spiegel attended Shimer College in Naperville, Illinois, through the school's early entrance program. She subsequently spent a year at the University of Oxford through an exchange program at Shimer. After receiving her bachelor's degree in sociology from Shimer in 1967, she stayed in Oxford for an additional year, commuting to London to study guitar, music theory, and composition with John W. Duarte. After moving to Manhattan, where she briefly worked in social sciences research and documentary film, she studied composition under Jacob Druckman, Vincent Persichetti, and Hall Overton at the Juilliard School from 1969 to 1972 and privately with Emmanuel Ghent. She subsequently became Druckman's assistant and followed him to Brooklyn College, completing her master's degree in composition there in 1975 and pursuing research in early American music under the direction of H. Wiley Hitchcock.




Career


Best known for her use of algorithmic composition techniques, Spiegel worked with Buchla and Electronic Music Laboratories synthesizers and digital systems including Bell Labs' GROOVE system (1973–1978), the Bell Labs Digital Synthesizer (1977), the alphaSyntauri synthesizer system for the Apple II computer (1978–1981), and the McLeyvier (1981–1985).
Spiegel's best known and most widely used software was Music Mouse (1986), a self-described "intelligent instrument" for Macintosh, Amiga, and Atari computers. In addition to improvisations using this software, Spiegel composed several works using Music Mouse including "Cavis muris" in 1986, "Three Sonic Spaces" in 1989, and "Sound Zones" in 1990. She continued to update the program through Macintosh OS 9, and as of 2012, it remained available for purchase or demo download from her Web site.
In addition to electronics and computer-based music, Spiegel has composed works for piano, guitar and other solo instruments and small orchestra, as well as drawings, photography, video art, numerous writings and computer software. In the visual domain, Spiegel wrote one of the first drawing or painting programs at Bell Labs, which she expanded to include interactive video and synchronous audio output in the mid-1970s.
Spiegel was a video artist in residence at the Experimental Television Lab at WNET Thirteen in New York (1976). She composed series music for the TV Lab's weekly "VTR—Video and Television Review" and audio special effects for its 2-hour science fiction film The Lathe of Heaven, both under the direction of David Loxton.
In addition to computer software development, starting in the early 1970s, Spiegel supported herself by both teaching and by soundtrack composition, having had steady work throughout the 1970s at Spectra Films, Valkhn Films, the Experimental TV Lab at WNET (PBS), and subsequently for various individual video artists, animators, and filmmakers. In the 1980s, she focused on developing music software and consulting in the music technology field, as well as teaching at Cooper Union and New York University. For her work she received a Foundation for Contemporary Arts Grants to Artists award (2018).
In 2018 Spiegel's early Music for New Electronic Media was part of the Chicago New Media 1973-1992 Exhibition, curated by Jon Cates.
In 2023, she was awarded the Giga-Hertz Main Award for Electronic Music by the Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe for her life's work. In 2018, she began the process of digitally archiving her entire body of work.




Influence


Spiegel's writings on the importance of musical pattern manipulation on computer music interface design has influenced the design of live coding music software environments such as Tidalcycles.




Discography



The Expanding Universe, 1980. Reissued with additional material in 2012.
60x60 (2006-2007) released 2008. A two-CD compilation of 60-second works from the 60x60 project.
Ooppera, 2002. Spiegel contributed to compilation album of short operas composed and performed by seven different artists.
Harmonices Mundi (1977, released 2004). A realization of Kepler's vision of planetary motion.
The P-ART Project - 12 Portraits, 2001. 12-composer compilation including Spiegel's "Conversational Paws".
Obsolete Systems, 1991. A retrospective of Spiegel's work through the 70s and 80s, performed on currently obsolete electronic instruments.
Ohm: The Early Gurus of Electronic Music, 2000. 3-CD compilation featuring Spiegel's 1974 Appalachian Grove.
Miniatures 2 - a sequence of sixty tiny masterpieces, 2000. A 60-artist compilation soundtrack of Dan Sandin's video A Volume of Julia Sets.
Female of the Species, a 2-CD compilation of female experimental composers
Enhanced Gravity, 1999. Spiegel contributed to a compilation album of music and multimedia by ten different artists.
Cocks Crow, Dogs Bark: New Compositional Intentions, 1998. Companion CD of Leonardo Music Journal #7, featuring The Unquestioned Answer, described in that journal.
Women in Electronic Music - 1977, 1977, re-released 1998. Compilation CD of women in electronic music.
Computer Music Journal Sound Anthology, 1996. Companion CD to the 20th Anniversary Issue of Computer Music Journal
Unseen Worlds, 1991, re-released 1994 and 2019. Works by Laurie Spiegel.
The Virtuoso in the Computer Age - III, 1993. Compilation CD of four electronic artists, featuring Spiegel's Cavis Muris (1986).
Murmurs of Earth: The Voyager Interstellar Record, 1992. Music from Sounds of Earth produced to be sent up on the Voyager spacecraft, containing on excerpt of Harmonices Mundi.
New American Music Vol. 2. Out of print LP.
The Expanding Universe, 1980. Contains 4 pieces created using the GROOVE system at Bell Labs. Re-released with additional material in 2012.
Music for New Electronic Media, 1977. Early works by several electronic composers.




Notes






References






External links


Official website
Resident Visitor: Laurie Spiegel's Machine Music by Simon Reynolds
Writings on technology and the arts by Laurie Spiegel
Biography on Vox Novus
Joanna Bosse, "Laurie Spiegel". Grove Music Online (subscription access).
EMF Media: Laurie Spiegel, by Kyle Gann
Interview from 1979, including complete versions of Patchwork, Waves, The Orient Express and Expanding Universe
IMDB Listing of Laurie Spiegel film soundtracks
Laurie Spiegel Interview NAMM Oral History Library (2017)
Interview with Laurie Spiegel on sexmagazine
Interview with Laurie Spiegel on Tokafi
The Different Computer of Laurie Spiegel on radiom
Rare ’70s Electronic Music Is Hidden in The Hunger Games on Wired

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Shirley Chisholm
• Bella Abzug
• Betty Bumpers
• Ernestine Rose
• Martha Griffiths
• Geraldine Ferraro
• Patricia Roberts Harris
• Bessie Coleman
• Henrietta Szold
• Isi Piringan Emas Voyager
• Laurie Spiegel
• Music Mouse
• Gertrude Ederle
• Janet Reno
• Helen Keller
• Katherine Johnson
• Lucille Ball
• Temple Grandin
• Ambient music
• Voyager Golden Record