• Source: Lespedeza

Lespedeza is a genus of some 45 species (including nothospecies) of flowering plants in the pea family (Fabaceae), commonly known as bush clovers or (particularly East Asian species) Japanese clovers (hagi). The genus is native to warm temperate to subtropical regions of eastern North America, eastern and southern Asia and Australasia.
These shrubby plants or trailing vines belong to the "typical" legumes (Faboideae), with the peas and beans, though they are part of another tribe, the Desmodieae. Therein, they are treated as type genus of the smaller subtribe Lespedezinae, which unites the present genus and its presumed closest relatives, Campylotropis and Kummerowia.




Name of the plant


According to American botanist Asa Gray (1810–1888), the Lespedeza owes its name to governor of East Florida Vicente Manuel de Céspedes (1784–1790; who, through a letter, allowed botanist André Michaux to explore East Florida in search of new species of plants, where Michaux found Lespedeza), but when Céspedes wrote the letter, at the beginning of it, the name of Céspedes was changed to "Zespedez". So, when Michaux's book Flora Boreali-Americana of 1802 was printed, the name "Céspedes" to refer to the plant was written as "Lespedez", the word from which the current name of the plant was derived.
Despeleza is a synonym of Lespedeza, and this name is derived from a taxonomic anagram.




Cultivation and uses


Some species are grown as garden or ornamental plants, and are used as a forage crops, notably in the southern United States, and as a means of soil enrichment and for prevention of erosion. In some areas, certain species are invasive. Lespedeza, like other legumes, have root nodules that harbor bacteria capable of nitrogen fixation from the air into a soil-bound form that can be taken up by other plants. Growers can take advantage of this process by putting the plants in their fields to release nitrogen, so they can use less fertilizer.
L. bicolor leaves and roots contain l-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (lespedamine), as well as related Nω,Nω-dimethyltryptamines and their oxides, as well as some bufotenin.




Species



The species and nothospecies recognized in Lespedeza include:

Lespedeza × acuticarpa Mack. & Bush
Lespedeza angustifolia (Pursh) Elliott
Lespedeza × bicoloba S.Akiyama
Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. (syn. L. bicolor var. japonica Nakai) – shrub lespedeza
Lespedeza × brittonii E.P.Bicknell
Lespedeza buergeri Miq.
Lespedeza cambodianum V.D.Nguyen
Lespedeza capitata Michx. (syn. L. frutescens Elliott, L. schindleri H.Lév., and L. stuevei DC.)
Lespedeza caraganae Bunge
Lespedeza chinensis G.Don (syn. L. mucronata Ricker)
Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont-Cours.) G. Don
Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miq. – leafy lespedeza
Lespedeza × cyrtobuergeri S.Akiyama & H.Ohba
Lespedeza × cyrtoloba S.Akiyama
Lespedeza danxiaensis Q.Fan, W.Y.Zhao & K.W.Jiang
Lespedeza daurica (Laxm.) Schindl. (syn. L. potaninii V.N.Vassil.)
Lespedeza davidi Franch.
Lespedeza × divaricata (Nakai) T.B.Lee
Lespedeza dunnii Schindl.
Lespedeza elegans Cambess.
Lespedeza fasciculiflora Franch.
Lespedeza floribunda Bunge (syn. L. bicolor Prain)
Lespedeza fordii Schindl.
Lespedeza forrestii Schindl.
Lespedeza frutescens (L.) Hornem.
Lespedeza gerardiana Maxim.
Lespedeza hengduanshanensis (C.J.Chen) Bo Xu, X.F.Gao & Li Bing Zhang
Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem.
Lespedeza hisauchii T.Nemoto & H.Ohashi
Lespedeza hispida (Franch.) T.Nemoto & H.Ohashi
Lespedeza homoloba Nakai
Lespedeza inschanica (Maxim.) Schindl. – greenish juncea lespedeza
Lespedeza intermedia (S.Watson) Britton (syn. L. frutescens (L.) Britton, L. frutescens var. acutifructa Farw.)
Lespedeza × intermixta Makino – neonchul lespedeza
Lespedeza japonica L.H.Bailey (unplaced)
Lespedeza jiangxiensis Bo Xu, X.F.Gao & Li Bing Zhang
Lespedeza juncea (L.f.) Pers. (syn. L. hedysaroides Kitag.) – juncea lespedeza
Lespedeza juncea var. juncea (syn. L. aitchisonii Ricker, L. cytisoides (Pall.) Nakai, L. nuristanica Rech.f., and L. pallasii G.Don)
Lespedeza juncea var. variegata (Cambess.) Ali (syn. L. kanaoriensis Cambess. and L. variegata Cambess.)
Lespedeza × kagoshimensis Hatus.
Lespedeza leptostachya Engelm. ex A.Gray
Lespedeza lichiyuniae T.Nemoto, H.Ohashi & T.Itoh
Lespedeza × longifolia DC.
Lespedeza × macrovirgata Kitag.
Lespedeza × manniana Mack. & Bush
Lespedeza maritima Nakai
Lespedeza maximowiczii R.C.Schneid. – Korean lespedeza
Lespedeza melanantha Nakai – black-flower lespedeza
Lespedeza × miquelii S.Akiyama
Lespedeza mucronata Ricker
Lespedeza × neglecta (Britton) Mack. & Bush
Lespedeza × nuttallii Darl.
Lespedeza × oblongifolia (Britton) W.Stone
Lespedeza pilosa (Thunb.) Siebold & Zucc. – pilose lespedeza
Lespedeza procumbens Michx.
Lespedeza pseudomaximowiczii D.P.Jin, Bo Xu & B.H.Choi
Lespedeza repens (L.) W.P.C.Barton
Lespedeza × robusta Nakai
Lespedeza sessilifolia Gamble
Lespedeza × simulata Mack. & Bush
Lespedeza stuevei Nutt.
Lespedeza texana Britton
Lespedeza thunbergii (DC.) Nakai
Lespedeza thunbergii subsp. elliptica (Benth. ex Maxim.) H.Ohashi (syn. L. elliptica Benth. ex Maxim.)
Lespedeza thunbergii subsp. formosa (Vogel) H.Ohashi (syn. L. albiflora Ricker, L. hayatae Hatus., L. inabensis Nakai, L. intermedia (Maxim. ex Matsum.) Nakai, L. pubescens Hayata, L. shiroyamensis Hatus., and L. wilfordii Ricker)
Lespedeza thunbergii subsp. patens (Nakai) H.Ohashi (syn. L. patens Nakai)
Lespedeza thunbergii subsp. satsumensis (Nakai) H.Ohashi (syn. L. satsumensis Nakai)
Lespedeza thunbergii subsp. thunbergii (syn. L. chekiangensis Ricker, L. grandiflora H.Koidz., L. grandis Koidz., L. kiusiana Nakai, L. liukiuensis Hatus., L. nipponica Nakai, L. racemosa Dippel, L. sieboldii Miq., L. tetraloba Nakai, L. viatorum Champ. ex Benth.)
Lespedeza tomentosa (Thunb.) Siebold ex Maxim. (syn. L. hirta Miq.) – woolly lespedeza
Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers.
Lespedeza virgata (Thunb.) DC. (syn. L. patentibicolor T.B.Lee) – Wando lespedeza
Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britton (syn. L. angustifolia Darl.)
Some species formerly in this genus that are now placed elsewhere, typically in the Lespedezinae, for example, in genus Campylotropis. These include:

Lespedeza junghuhniana Bakh.f. = Campylotropis cytisoides (Jungh.) Miq.
Lespedeza sericea (Graham) Benth. = Campylotropis macrostyla (D.Don) Lindl. ex Miq.
Lespedeza speciosa Royle ex Schindl. = Campylotropis speciosa (Royle ex Schindl.) Schindl.
Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) Hook. & Arn. = Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl.
Lespedeza tomentosa Maxim. = Campylotropis pinetorum (Kurz) Schindl.




Footnotes






References


International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS) (2005): Genus Lespedeza. Version 10.01, November 2005. Retrieved 2011-FEB-18.
Morimoto, Hiroshi & Matsumoto, Norichika (1966). Über Alkaloide, VI. Inhaltsstoffe Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica, II. ["Alkaloid contents of L. bicolor var. japonica II."] J. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 682(1): 212–218 [in German]. doi:10.1002/jlac.19666920122
Morimoto, Hiroshi & Oshio, Haruji (1965). Über Alkaloide, V. Inhaltsstoffe von Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica, I. Über Lespedamin, ein neues Alkaloid. ["Alkaloid contents of L. bicolor var. japonica I. On Lespedamin, a novel alkaloid."] J. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 682(1): 212–218 [in German]. doi:10.1002/jlac.19656820121




External links


Data related to Lespedeza at Wikispecies
Media related to Lespedeza at Wikimedia Commons
Sericea in conservation farming, a freely readable informational booklet scan hosted by the University of North Texas Digital Library
Lespedeza bicolor at the National Resources Conservation Service. Contains information, images, and a map of its North American distribution.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Prefektur Miyagi
• Kerajinan tangan tradisional Korea
• Fabaceae
• Meguro, Tokyo
• Tsuruga, Fukui
• Hagi, Yamaguchi
• Musashino, Tōkyō
• Nanakusa
• Iwanai, Hokkaido
• Faboideae
• Lespedeza
• Lespedeza capitata
• Lespedeza cuneata
• Lespedeza thunbergii
• Lespedeza bicolor
• Shrub lespedeza
• Lespedeza leptostachya
• Lespedeza virginica
• Kummerowia stipulacea
• Kummerowia striata