• Source: List of asanas

An asana is a body posture, used in both medieval hatha yoga and modern yoga. The term is derived from the Sanskrit word for 'seat'. While many of the oldest mentioned asanas are indeed seated postures for meditation, asanas may be standing, seated, arm-balances, twists, inversions, forward bends, backbends, or reclining in prone or supine positions. The asanas have been given a variety of English names by competing schools of yoga.
The traditional number of asanas is the symbolic 84, but different texts identify different selections, sometimes listing their names without describing them. Some names have been given to different asanas over the centuries, and some asanas have been known by a variety of names, making tracing and the assignment of dates difficult. For example, the name Muktasana is now given to a variant of Siddhasana with one foot in front of the other, but has also been used for Siddhasana and other cross-legged meditation poses. As another example, the headstand is now known by the 20th century name Shirshasana, but an older name for the pose is Kapalasana. Sometimes, the names have the same meaning, as with Bidalasana and Marjariasana, both meaning Cat Pose.




Affixes


Variations on the basic asanas are indicated by Sanskrit affixes including the following:

|-
|Tadasana
|ताड़ासन
|Standing
| Tadasana (Mountain Pose)
|}




Asanas


A single asana is listed for each main pose, whether or not there are variations. Thus for Sirsasana (Yoga headstand), only one pose is illustrated, although the pose can be varied by moving the legs apart sideways or front-and-back, by lowering one leg to the floor, by folding the legs into lotus posture, by turning the hips to one side, by placing the hands differently on the ground, and so on. Iyengar's 1966 Light on Yoga lists 15 variations on the basic headstand, including for instance the combined variation Parivrttaikapada Sirsasana in which not only are the hips revolved but the legs are apart front-and-back. Since then, variations of many other poses have been created; their names are not listed here. Yin Yoga names are for the equivalent Yin variants; these are usually somewhat different from the conventional (Yang) poses.
Indian texts are "notoriously difficult to date". The table shows the approximate date and abbreviated title of the earliest document or authority to describe that asana (not only naming it), as follows:




See also


Mudra – yoga gestures
Pranayama – yoga breathing techniques
Surya Namaskar – a foundational sequence of asanas




Notes






References






Sources


Ayyangar, T. R. Srinivasa (trans.) (1938). The Yoga Upanishads. Adyar, Madras: The Adyar Library.
Bernard, Theos (2007) [1944]. Hatha yoga : the report of a personal experience. Edinburgh: Harmony. ISBN 978-0-9552412-2-2. OCLC 230987898.
Goldberg, Elliott (2016). The Path of Modern Yoga : the history of an embodied spiritual practice. Rochester, Vermont: Inner Traditions. ISBN 978-1-62055-567-5. OCLC 926062252.
Iyengar, B. K. S. (1979) [1966]. Light on Yoga: Yoga Dipika. Thorsons. ISBN 978-1855381667.
Krishnamacharya, Tirumalai (2006) [1934]. Yoga Makaranda. Translated by Lakshmi Ranganathan; Nandini Ranganathan.
Larson, Gerald James; Bhattacharya, Ram Shankar (2008). Yoga : India's Philosophy of Meditation. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-3349-4.
Lidell, Lucy, The Sivananda Yoga Centre (1983). The book of yoga. Ebury. ISBN 978-0-85223-297-2. OCLC 12457963.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Mallinson, James (2004). The Gheranda Samhita: the original Sanskrit and an English translation. YogaVidya. ISBN 978-0-9716466-3-6.
Mallinson, James; Singleton, Mark (2017). Roots of Yoga. Penguin Classics. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-241-25304-5. OCLC 928480104.
Mehta, Silva; Mehta, Mira; Mehta, Shyam (1990). Yoga: The Iyengar Way. Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 978-0863184208.
Murugan, Chillayah (20 October 2012). "Yoga Asanas for Health and Fitness". Silambam. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
Powers, Sarah (2008). Insight Yoga. Shambhala. ISBN 978-1-59030-598-0. OCLC 216937520.
Saraswati, Swami Satyananda (1996). Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha (PDF). Yoga Publications Trust. ISBN 978-8186336144. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-08-07. Retrieved 2018-11-10.
Sriharisukesh, N.; Pailoor, Subramanya (2019). "A review of asanas referenced in ancient texts and a brief comparative study of selected asanas" (PDF). International Journal of Sanskrit Research. 5 (4). ISSN 2394-7519.
Srinivasa, Narinder (2002). Gharote, M. L.; Devnath, Parimal; Jha, Vijay Kant (eds.). Hatha Ratnavali Srinivasayogi | A Treatise On Hathayoga (1st ed.). Lonavla, India: The Lonavla Yoga Institute. ISBN 81-901176-96.
Singleton, Mark (2010). Yoga Body : the origins of modern posture practice. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539534-1. OCLC 318191988.
Sjoman, Norman E. (1999). The Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 81-7017-389-2.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Sun Salutation
• List of asanas
• Asana
• Asana, Inc.
• Standing asanas
• Shavasana
• Gomukhasana
• Baddha Konasana
• Yin Yoga
• Balasana
• Tree pose