• Source: List of birds of El Salvador

      • This is a list of the bird species recorded in El Salvador. The avifauna of El Salvador included a total of 596 species as of April 2024, according to Bird Checklists of the World. Of them, 138 are rare or accidental and six have been introduced by humans.
      This list is presented in the taxonomic sequence of the Check-list of North and Middle American Birds, 7th edition through the 63rd Supplement, published by the American Ornithological Society (AOS). Common and scientific names are also those of the Check-list, except that the common names of families are from the Clements taxonomy because the AOS list does not include them.
      Unless otherwise noted, the species on this list are considered to occur regularly in El Salvador as permanent residents, summer or winter visitors, or migrants. The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. The tags and notes of population status are from Bird Checklists of the World.

      (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in El Salvador
      (I) Introduced - a species introduced to El Salvador as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions


      Tinamous


      Order: Tinamiformes Family: Tinamidae
      The tinamous are one of the most ancient groups of birds. Although they look similar to other ground-dwelling birds like quail and grouse, they have no close relatives and are classified as a single family, Tinamidae, within their own order, the Tinamiformes. They are distantly related to the ratites (order Struthioniformes), that includes the rheas, emu, and kiwi.

      Thicket tinamou, Crypturellus cinnamomeus


      Ducks, geese, and waterfowl


      Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
      The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.


      Guans, chachalacas, and curassows


      Order: Galliformes Family: Cracidae
      The Cracidae are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats. They are generally dull-plumaged, but the curassows and some guans have colorful facial ornaments.

      Plain chachalaca, Ortalis vetula
      White-bellied chachalaca, Ortalis leucogastra
      Crested guan, Penelope purpurascens
      Highland guan, Penelopina nigra (vulnerable)
      Great curassow, Crax rubra (vulnerable)


      New World quail


      Order: Galliformes Family: Odontophoridae
      The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.

      Buffy-crowned wood-partridge, Dendrortyx leucophrys
      Crested bobwhite, Colinus cristatus
      Ocellated quail, Cyrtonyx ocellatus (A) (vulnerable)
      Singing quail, Dactylortyx thoracicus


      Grebes


      Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae
      Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

      Least grebe, Tachybaptus dominicus
      Pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps
      Eared grebe, Podiceps nigricollis (A)


      Pigeons and doves


      Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
      Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.


      Cuckoos


      Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
      The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs.

      Groove-billed ani, Crotophaga sulcirostris
      Striped cuckoo, Tapera naevia
      Pheasant cuckoo, Dromococcyx phasianellus
      Lesser ground-cuckoo, Morococcyx erythropygus
      Lesser roadrunner, Geococcyx velox
      Squirrel cuckoo, Piaya cayana
      Yellow-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus
      Mangrove cuckoo, Coccyzus minor
      Black-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus erythropthalmus


      Nightjars and allies


      Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae
      Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds which usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.

      Lesser nighthawk, Chordeiles acutipennis
      Common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor (A)
      Common pauraque, Nyctidromus albicollis
      Chuck-will's-widow, Antrostomus carolinensis (near-threatened)
      Buff-collared nightjar, Antrostomus ridgwayi (A)
      Eastern whip-poor-will, Antrostomus vociferus (near-threatened)
      Mexican whip-poor-will, Antrostomus arizonae


      Potoos


      Order: Nyctibiiformes Family: Nyctibiidae
      The potoos (sometimes called poor-me-ones) are large near passerine birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. They are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars.

      Northern potoo, Nyctibius jamaicensis


      Swifts


      Order: Apodiformes Family: Apodidae
      Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

      Black swift, Cypseloides niger (vulnerable)
      Chestnut-collared swift, Streptoprocne rutila
      White-collared swift, Streptoprocne zonaris
      Chimney swift, Chaetura pelagica (A) (vulnerable)
      Vaux's swift, Chaetura vauxi (A)
      White-throated swift, Aeronautes saxatalis
      Lesser swallow-tailed swift, Panyptila cayennensis (A)
      Great swallow-tailed swift, Panyptila sanctihieronymi


      Hummingbirds


      Order: Apodiformes Family: Trochilidae
      Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.


      Rails, gallinules, and coots


      Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
      Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

      Spotted rail, Pardirallus maculatus (A)
      Rufous-necked wood-rail, Aramides axillaris
      Russet-naped wood-rail, Aramides albiventris
      Mangrove rail, Rallus longirostris
      Sora, Porzana carolina
      Common gallinule, Gallinula galeata
      American coot, Fulica americana
      Purple gallinule, Porphyrio martinicus
      Yellow-breasted crake, Hapalocrex flaviventer (A)
      Ruddy crake, Laterallus ruber


      Finfoots


      Order: Gruiformes Family: Heliornithidae
      Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots.

      Sungrebe, Heliornis fulica (A)


      Limpkin


      Order: Gruiformes Family: Aramidae
      The limpkin resembles a large rail. It has drab-brown plumage and a grayer head and neck.

      Limpkin, Aramus guarauna


      Thick-knees


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae
      The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes, and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

      Double-striped thick-knee, Burhinus bistriatus


      Stilts and avocets


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
      Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

      Black-necked stilt, Himantopus mexicanus
      American avocet, Recurvirostra americana (A)


      Oystercatchers


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae
      The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

      American oystercatcher, Haematopus palliatus


      Lapwings and plovers


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
      The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

      Southern lapwing, Vanellus chilensis (A)
      Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
      American golden-plover, Pluvialis dominica
      Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus
      Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus
      Wilson's plover, Charadrius wilsonia
      Collared plover, Charadrius collaris
      Snowy plover, Charadrius nivosus (near-threatened)


      Jacanas


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Jacanidae
      The jacanas are a group of waders found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.

      Northern jacana, Jacana spinosa


      Sandpipers and allies


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
      Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.


      Skuas and jaegers


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae
      The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

      Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
      Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus
      Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus (A)


      Gulls, terns, and skimmers


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
      Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, kittiwakes, terns, and skimmers. They are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with gray or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick foods off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.


      Tropicbirds


      Order: Phaethontiformes Family: Phaethontidae
      Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.

      Red-billed tropicbird, Phaethon aethereus


      Penguins


      Order: Sphenisciformes Family: Spheniscidae
      The penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid, and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater.

      Magellanic penguin, Spheniscus magellanicus (A)


      Northern storm-petrels


      Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae
      The storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

      Leach's storm-petrel, Hydrobates leucorhous (A) (vulnerable)
      Townsend's storm-petrel, Hydrobates socorroensis (A)
      Wedge-rumped storm-petrel, Hydrobates tethys (A)
      Black storm-petrel, Hydrobates melania
      Least storm-petrel, Hydrobates microsoma


      Shearwaters and petrels


      Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae
      The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

      Galapagos petrel, Pterodroma phaeopygia (A) (critically endangered)
      Tahiti petrel, Pseudobulweria rostrata (A) (near-threatened)
      Parkinson's petrel, Procellaria parkinsoni (A) (vulnerable)
      Wedge-tailed shearwater, Ardenna pacifica
      Sooty shearwater, Ardenna grisea (A) (near-threatened)
      Pink-footed shearwater, Ardenna creatopus (A) (vulnerable)
      Christmas shearwater, Puffinus nativitatis (A)
      Galapagos shearwater, Puffinus subalaris (A)
      Townsend's shearwater, Puffinus auricularis (A) (critically endangered)
      Newell's shearwater, Puffinus newelli (A) (critically endangered)
      Black-vented shearwater, Puffinus opisthomelas (A) (near-threatened)
      Audubon's shearwater, Puffinus lherminieri


      Storks


      Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae
      Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.

      Jabiru, Jabiru mycteria (A)
      Wood stork, Mycteria americana


      Frigatebirds


      Order: Suliformes Family: Fregatidae
      Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black and white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

      Magnificent frigatebird, Fregata magnificens


      Boobies and gannets


      Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
      The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

      Masked booby, Sula dactylatra (A)
      Nazca booby, Sula granti
      Blue-footed booby, Sula nebouxii
      Brown booby, Sula leucogaster
      Red-footed booby, Sula sula (A)


      Anhingas


      Order: Suliformes Family: Anhingidae
      Anhingas are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape, and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The anhingas have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.

      Anhinga, Anhinga anhinga


      Cormorants and shags


      Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
      Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Coloration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white, and a few being colorful.

      Neotropic cormorant, Nannopterum brasilianum


      Pelicans


      Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
      Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.

      American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
      Brown pelican, Pelecanus occidentalis
      Peruvian pelican, Pelecanus thagus (A)


      Herons, egrets, and bitterns


      Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
      Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills, members of Ardeidae fly with their neck retracted.


      Ibises and spoonbills


      Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
      Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

      White ibis, Eudocimus albus
      Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus (A)
      White-faced ibis, Plegadis chihi (A)
      Roseate spoonbill, Platalea ajaja


      New World vultures


      Order: Cathartiformes Family: Cathartidae
      The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carrion.

      King vulture, Sarcoramphus papa
      Black vulture, Coragyps atratus
      Turkey vulture, Cathartes aura
      Lesser yellow-headed vulture, Cathartes burrovianus


      Osprey


      Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae
      The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

      Osprey, Pandion haliaetus


      Hawks, eagles, and kites


      Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
      Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.


      Barn-owls


      Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
      Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

      American barn owl, Tyto furcata


      Owls


      Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
      The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

      Flammulated owl, Psiloscops flammeolus
      Whiskered screech-owl, Megascops trichopsis
      Pacific screech-owl, Megascops cooperi
      Crested owl, Lophostrix cristata (A)
      Spectacled owl, Pulsatrix perspicillata
      Great horned owl, Bubo virginianus
      Northern pygmy-owl, Glaucidium gnoma (A)
      Ferruginous pygmy-owl, Glaucidium brasilianum
      Burrowing owl, Athene cunicularia (A)
      Mottled owl, Strix virgata
      Black-and-white owl, Strix nigrolineata (A)
      Fulvous owl, Strix fulvescens
      Striped owl, Asio clamator (A)
      Unspotted saw-whet owl, Aegolius ridgwayi (A)


      Trogons


      Order: Trogoniformes Family: Trogonidae
      The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage.

      Black-headed trogon, Trogon melanocephalus
      Gartered trogon, Trogon caligatus
      Elegant trogon, Trogon elegans
      Mountain trogon, Trogon mexicanus (A)
      Collared trogon, Trogon collaris
      Resplendent quetzal, Pharomachrus mocinno (near-threatened)


      Motmots


      Order: Coraciiformes Family: Momotidae
      The motmots have colorful plumage and long, graduated tails which they display by waggling back and forth. In most of the species, the barbs near the ends of the two longest (central) tail feathers are weak and fall off, leaving a length of bare shaft and creating a racket-shaped tail.

      Tody motmot, Hylomanes momotula
      Blue-throated motmot, Aspatha gularis
      Lesson's motmot, Momotus lessonii
      Turquoise-browed motmot, Eumomota superciliosa


      Kingfishers


      Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
      Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.

      Ringed kingfisher, Megaceryle torquatus
      Belted kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon
      Amazon kingfisher, Chloroceryle amazona
      American pygmy kingfisher, Chloroceryle aenea
      Green kingfisher, Chloroceryle americana


      Puffbirds


      Order: Piciformes Family: Bucconidae
      The puffbirds are related to the jacamars and have the same range, but lack the iridescent colors of that family. They are mainly brown, rufous, or gray, with a large head and a flattened bill with a hooked tip. The loose abundant plumage and short tails makes them look stout and puffy, giving rise to the English common name of the family.

      White-necked puffbird, Notharchus hyperrhynchus (A)


      Toucans


      Order: Piciformes Family: Ramphastidae
      Toucans are near passerine birds from the Neotropics. They are brightly marked and have enormous colorful bills which in some species amount to half their body length.

      Northern emerald-toucanet, Aulacorhynchus prasinus
      Collared aracari, Pteroglossus torquatus


      Woodpeckers


      Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
      Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

      Acorn woodpecker, Melanerpes formicivorus
      Hoffmann's woodpecker, Melanerpes hoffmannii (A)
      Golden-fronted woodpecker, Melanerpes aurifrons
      Yellow-bellied sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius
      Ladder-backed woodpecker, Dryobates scalaris (A)
      Hairy woodpecker, Dryobates villosus
      Smoky-brown woodpecker, Dryobates fumigatus (A)
      Golden-olive woodpecker, Colaptes rubiginosus
      Northern flicker, Colaptes auratus
      Lineated woodpecker, Dryocopus lineatus
      Pale-billed woodpecker, Campephilus guatemalensis


      Falcons and caracaras


      Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
      Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

      Laughing falcon, Herpetotheres cachinnans
      Barred forest-falcon, Micrastur ruficollis
      Collared forest-falcon, Micrastur semitorquatus
      Crested caracara, Caracara plancus
      Yellow-headed caracara, Milvago chimachima (A)
      American kestrel, Falco sparverius
      Merlin, Falco columbarius
      Aplomado falcon, Falco femoralis (A)
      Bat falcon, Falco rufigularis
      Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus


      New World and African parrots


      Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittacidae
      Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back.

      Orange-fronted parakeet, Eupsittula canicularis
      Scarlet macaw, Ara macao (A) (extirpated)
      Green parakeet, Psittacara holochlorus
      Pacific parakeet, Psittacara strenuus
      Crimson-fronted parakeet, Psittacara finschi (A)
      Barred parakeet, Bolborhynchus lineola
      Orange-chinned parakeet, Brotogeris jugularis
      White-fronted parrot, Amazona albifrons
      Red-lored parrot, Amazona autumnalis (A)
      Yellow-naped parrot, Amazona auropalliata (vulnerable)


      Manakins


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Pipridae
      The manakins are a family of subtropical and tropical birds from the mainland of Central and South America, and Trinidad and Tobago. They are compact forest birds, the males typically being brightly colored, although the females of most species are duller and usually green-plumaged. Manakins feed on small fruits, berries and insects.

      Long-tailed manakin, Chiroxiphia linearis
      Red-capped manakin, Ceratopipra mentalis (A)


      Tityras and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Tityridae
      Tityridae is family of suboscine passerine birds found in forest and woodland in the Neotropics. The approximately 30 species in this family were formerly lumped with the families Pipridae and Cotingidae (see Taxonomy).

      Masked tityra, Tityra semifasciata
      Gray-collared becard, Pachyramphus major
      Rose-throated becard, Pachyramphus aglaiae


      Royal flycatcher and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Onychorhynchidae
      The members of this small family, created in 2018, were formerly considered to be tyrant flycatchers, family Tyrannidae.

      Royal flycatcher, Onychorhynchus mexicanus (A)


      Tyrant flycatchers


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Tyrannidae
      Tyrant flycatchers are passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.


      Typical antbirds


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Thamnophilidae
      The antbirds are a large family of small passerine birds of subtropical and tropical Central and South America. They are forest birds which tend to feed on insects at or near the ground. A sizable minority of them specialize in following columns of army ants to eat small invertebrates that leave their hiding places to flee from the ants. Many species lack bright color, with brown, black, and white being the dominant tones.

      Barred antshrike, Thamnophilus doliatus


      Antpittas


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Grallariidae
      Antpittas resemble the true pittas with strong, longish legs, very short tails, and stout bills.

      Scaled antpitta, Grallaria guatimalensis


      Ovenbirds and woodcreepers


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Furnariidae
      Ovenbirds comprise a large family of small sub-oscine passerine bird species found in Central and South America. They are a diverse group of insectivores which gets its name from the elaborate "oven-like" clay nests built by some species, although others build stick-nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock. The woodcreepers are brownish birds which maintain an upright vertical posture, supported by their stiff tail vanes. They mainly feed on insects taken from tree trunks.

      Middle American leaftosser, Sclerurus mexicanus
      Olivaceous woodcreeper, Sittasomus griseicapillus
      Ruddy woodcreeper, Dendrocincla homochroa
      Wedge-billed woodcreeper, Glyphorynchus spirurus (A)
      Northern barred-woodcreeper, Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae
      Black-banded woodcreeper, Dendrocolaptes picumnus (A)
      Strong-billed woodcreeper, Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus
      Cocoa woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus susurrans (A)
      Ivory-billed woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus flavigaster
      Spotted woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus erythropygius
      Streak-headed woodcreeper, Lepidocolaptes souleyetii
      Spot-crowned woodcreeper, Lepidocolaptes affinis
      Scaly-throated foliage-gleaner, Anabacerthia variegaticeps
      Ruddy foliage-gleaner, Clibanornis rubiginosus
      Rufous-breasted spinetail, Synallaxis erythrothorax


      Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Vireonidae
      The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood-warblers apart from their heavier bills.

      Rufous-browed peppershrike, Cyclarhis gujanensis
      Green shrike-vireo, Vireolanius pulchellus
      Lesser greenlet, Pachysylvia decurtata
      White-eyed vireo, Vireo griseus
      Mangrove vireo, Vireo pallens
      Bell's vireo, Vireo bellii (A)
      Yellow-throated vireo, Vireo flavifrons
      Blue-headed vireo, Vireo solitarius
      Plumbeous vireo, Vireo plumbeus (A)
      Philadelphia vireo, Vireo philadelphicus
      Warbling vireo, Vireo gilvus
      Brown-capped vireo, Vireo leucophrys
      Red-eyed vireo, Vireo olivaceus
      Yellow-green vireo, Vireo flavoviridis


      Crows, jays, and magpies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
      The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the order Passeriformes. Some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

      Black-throated jay, Cyanolyca pumilo (A)
      White-throated magpie-jay, Calocitta formosa
      Brown jay, Psilorhinus morio (A)
      Bushy-crested jay, Cyanocorax melanocyaneus
      Steller's jay, Cyanocitta stelleri
      Unicolored jay, Aphelocoma unicolor
      Common raven, Corvus corax


      Swallows


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
      The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

      Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
      Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor
      Violet-green swallow, Tachycineta thalassina
      Mangrove swallow, Tachycineta albilinea
      Black-capped swallow, Atticora pileata
      Northern rough-winged swallow, Stelgidopteryx serripennis
      Purple martin, Progne subis (A)
      Gray-breasted martin, Progne chalybea
      Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
      Cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
      Cave swallow, Petrochelidon fulva


      Waxwings


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Bombycillidae
      The waxwings are a group of passerine birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests.

      Cedar waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum


      Treecreepers


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Certhiidae
      Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin, pointed, down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.

      Brown creeper, Certhia americana


      Gnatcatchers


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Polioptilidae
      These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their build and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers and gnatwrens are mainly soft bluish grey in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. They are birds of fairly open woodland or scrub which nest in bushes or trees.

      Long-billed gnatwren, Ramphocaenus melanurus
      Blue-gray gnatcatcher, Polioptila caerulea (A)
      White-lored gnatcatcher, Polioptila albiloris


      Wrens


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Troglodytidae
      The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.

      Rock wren, Salpinctes obsoletus
      House wren, Troglodytes aedon
      Rufous-browed wren, Troglodytes rufociliatus
      Grass wren, Cistothorus platensis (A)
      Band-backed wren, Campylorhynchus zonatus
      Rufous-naped wren, Campylorhynchus rufinucha
      Spot-breasted wren, Pheugopedius maculipectus
      Rufous-and-white wren, Thryophilus rufalbus
      Banded wren, Thryophilus pleurostictus
      Cabanis's wren, Cantorchilus modestus
      Isthmian wren, Cantorchilus elutus (A)
      Gray-breasted wood-wren, Henicorhina leucophrys


      Mockingbirds and thrashers


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Mimidae
      The mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalizations, especially their ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds. Their coloring tends towards dull-grays and browns.

      Blue-and-white mockingbird, Melanotis hypoleucus
      Gray catbird, Dumetella carolinensis (A)
      Tropical mockingbird, Mimus gilvus
      Northern mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos (A)


      Dippers


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Cinclidae
      Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.

      American dipper, Cinclus mexicanus (A)


      Thrushes and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
      The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.


      Olive warbler


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Peucedramidae
      The olive warbler is a small passerine bird, the only member of the family Peucedramidae. It is a long-winged bird with a gray body and wings with some olive-green and two white bars.

      Olive warbler, Peucedramus taeniatus


      Waxbills and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Estrildidae

      Tricolored munia, Lonchura malacca (I)


      Old World sparrows


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
      Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or gray birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

      House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I)


      Wagtails and pipits


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
      Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.

      American pipit, Anthus rubescens (A)


      Finches, euphonias, and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
      Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

      Elegant euphonia, Chlorophonia elegantissima
      Blue-crowned chlorophonia, Chlorophonia occipitalis
      Scrub euphonia, Euphonia affinis
      Yellow-throated euphonia, Euphonia hirundinacea
      Hooded grosbeak, Coccothraustes abeillei
      Red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra
      Black-headed siskin, Spinus notatus
      Lesser goldfinch, Spinus psaltria


      New World sparrows


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Passerellidae
      Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.

      Common chlorospingus, Chlorospingus flavopectus
      Stripe-headed sparrow, Peucaea ruficauda
      Grasshopper sparrow, Ammodramus savannarum
      Lark sparrow, Chondestes grammacus (A)
      Chipping sparrow, Spizella passerina
      Chestnut-capped brushfinch, Arremon brunneinucha
      Rufous-collared sparrow, Zonotrichia capensis
      Savannah sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis
      Lincoln's sparrow, Melospiza lincolnii
      White-eared ground-sparrow, Melozone leucotis
      White-faced ground-sparrow, Melozone biarcuata
      Rusty sparrow, Aimophila rufescens
      White-naped brushfinch, Atlapetes albinucha


      Yellow-breasted chat


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteriidae
      This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.

      Yellow-breasted chat, Icteria virens


      Troupials and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteridae
      The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as the predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.


      New World warblers


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Parulidae
      The wood-warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.


      Cardinals and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Cardinalidae
      The cardinals are a family of passerines which are robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.

      Hepatic tanager, Piranga flava
      Summer tanager, Piranga rubra
      Scarlet tanager, Piranga olivacea (A)
      Western tanager, Piranga ludoviciana
      Flame-colored tanager, Piranga bidentata
      White-winged tanager, Piranga leucoptera
      Red-crowned ant-tanager, Habia rubica
      Red-throated ant-tanager, Habia fuscicauda
      Rose-breasted grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus
      Blue seedeater, Amaurospiza concolor
      Blue bunting, Cyanocompsa parellina
      Blue grosbeak, Passerina caerulea
      Indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea
      Painted bunting, Passerina ciris
      Dickcissel, Spiza americana


      Tanagers and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Thraupidae
      The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. As a family they are omnivorous, but individual species specialize in eating fruits, seeds, insects, or other types of food. Most have short, rounded wings.

      Blue-gray tanager, Thraupis episcopus
      Yellow-winged tanager, Thraupis abbas
      Slaty finch, Haplospiza rustica (A)
      Cinnamon-bellied flowerpiercer, Diglossa baritula
      Blue-black grassquit, Volatinia jacarina
      Red-legged honeycreeper, Cyanerpes cyaneus
      Yellow-faced grassquit, Tiaris olivaceus
      Cinnamon-rumped seedeater, Sporophila torqueola (A)
      Morelet's seedeater, Sporophila morelleti
      Ruddy-breasted seedeater, Sporophila minuta
      Black-headed saltator, Saltator atriceps
      Buff-throated saltator, Saltator maximus
      Cinnamon-bellied saltator, Saltator grandis


      See also


      List of birds
      Lists of birds by region


      References




      External links


      Birds of El Salvador - World Institute for Conservation & Environment

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