• Source: List of birds of Sudan

      • This is a list of the bird species recorded in Sudan. The avifauna of Sudan include a total of 633 species.
      This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 20212 edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Sudan.
      The following tags have been used to highlight several categories, but not all species fall into one of these categories. Those that do not are commonly occurring native species.

      (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Sudan
      (E) Endemic - a species endemic to Sudan
      (I) Introduced - a species introduced to Sudan as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions


      Ostriches


      Order: Struthioniformes Family: Struthionidae
      The ostrich is a flightless bird native to Africa. It is the largest living species of bird. It is distinctive in its appearance, with a long neck and legs and the ability to run at high speeds.

      Common ostrich, Struthio camelus


      Ducks, geese, and waterfowl


      Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
      Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.


      Guineafowl


      Order: Galliformes Family: Numididae
      Guineafowl are a group of African, seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage.

      Helmeted guineafowl, Numida meleagris
      Western crested guineafowl, Guttera verreauxi


      New World quail


      Order: Galliformes Family: Odontophoridae
      Despite their family's common name, this species and one other are native to Africa.

      Stone partridge, Ptilopachus petrosus


      Pheasants, grouse, and allies


      Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae
      The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.

      Sand partridge, Ammoperdix heyi
      Common quail, Coturnix coturnix
      Harlequin quail, Coturnix delegorguei
      Erckel's francolin, Pternistis erckelii
      Clapperton's francolin, Pternistis clappertoni


      Flamingos


      Order: Phoenicopteriformes Family: Phoenicopteridae
      Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.

      Greater flamingo, Phoenicopterus roseus


      Grebes


      Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae
      Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

      Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis
      Eared grebe, Podiceps nigricollis (A)


      Pigeons and doves


      Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
      Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

      Rock pigeon, Columba livia
      Speckled pigeon, Columba guinea
      European turtle-dove, Streptopelia turtur
      African collared-dove, Streptopelia roseogrisea
      Mourning collared-dove, Streptopelia decipiens
      Red-eyed dove, Streptopelia semitorquata
      Ring-necked dove, Streptopelia capicola
      Vinaceous dove, Streptopelia vinacea
      Laughing dove, Streptopelia senegalensis
      Emerald-spotted wood-dove, Turtur chalcospilos (A)
      Black-billed wood-dove, Turtur abyssinicus
      Namaqua dove, Oena capensis
      Bruce's green-pigeon, Treron waalia


      Sandgrouse


      Order: Pterocliformes Family: Pteroclidae
      Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.

      Chestnut-bellied sandgrouse, Pterocles exustus
      Spotted sandgrouse, Pterocles senegallus
      Crowned sandgrouse, Pterocles coronatus (A)
      Lichtenstein's sandgrouse, Pterocles lichtensteinii
      Four-banded sandgrouse, Pterocles quadricinctus


      Bustards


      Order: Otidiformes Family: Otididae
      Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.

      Arabian bustard, Ardeotis arabs
      Kori bustard, Ardeotis kori (A)
      MacQueen's bustard, Chlamydotis macqueenii (A)
      Denham's bustard, Neotis denhami (A)
      Nubian bustard, Neotis nuba (A)
      White-bellied bustard, Eupodotis senegalensis
      Savile's bustard, Lophotis savilei
      Black-bellied bustard, Lissotis melanogaster
      Hartlaub's bustard, Lissotis hartlaubii (A)


      Turacos


      Order: Musophagiformes Family: Musophagidae
      The turacos, plantain eaters and go-away-birds make up the bird family Musophagidae. They are medium-sized arboreal birds. The turacos and plantain eaters are brightly coloured, usually in blue, green or purple. The go-away-birds are mostly grey and white.

      White-bellied go-away-bird, Corythaixoides leucogaster (A)
      Eastern plantain-eater, Crinifer zonurus


      Cuckoos


      Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
      The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.

      Senegal coucal, Centropus senegalensis (A)
      Blue-headed coucal, Centropus monachus
      White-browed coucal, Centropus superciliosus
      Great spotted cuckoo, Clamator glandarius
      Levaillant's cuckoo, Clamator levaillantii
      Pied cuckoo, Clamator jacobinus
      Dideric cuckoo, Chrysococcyx caprius
      Klaas's cuckoo, Chrysococcyx klaas
      Black cuckoo, Cuculus clamosus
      Red-chested cuckoo, Cuculus solitarius
      African cuckoo, Cuculus gularis (A)
      Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus


      Nightjars and allies


      Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae
      Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.

      Pennant-winged nightjar, Caprimulgus vexillarius
      Standard-winged nightjar, Caprimulgus longipennis
      Eurasian nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus
      Rufous-cheeked nightjar, Caprimulgus rufigena (A)
      Egyptian nightjar, Caprimulgus aegyptius
      Nubian nightjar, Caprimulgus nubicus
      Golden nightjar, Caprimulgus eximius
      Plain nightjar, Caprimulgus inornatus
      Freckled nightjar, Caprimulgus tristigma (A)
      Long-tailed nightjar, Caprimulgus climacurus


      Swifts


      Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Apodidae
      Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

      Alpine swift, Apus melba
      Mottled swift, Apus aequatorialis
      Common swift, Apus apus
      Pallid swift, Apus pallidus
      Little swift, Apus affinis
      Horus swift, Apus horus (A)
      White-rumped swift, Apus caffer
      African palm-swift, Cypsiurus parvus


      Rails, gallinules, and coots


      Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
      Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

      Corn crake, Crex crex
      African crake, Crex egregia (A)
      Spotted crake, Porzana porzana
      Lesser moorhen, Paragallinula angulata (A)
      Eurasian moorhen, Gallinula chloropus
      Eurasian coot, Fulica atra
      Allen's gallinule, Porphyrio alleni
      African swamphen, Porphyrio madagascariensis (A)
      Black crake, Zapornia flavirostris
      Little crake, Zapornia parva
      Baillon's crake, Zapornia pusilla


      Cranes


      Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae
      Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

      Black crowned-crane, Balearica pavonina
      Demoiselle crane, Anthropoides virgo
      Common crane, Grus grus


      Thick-knees


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae
      The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

      Eurasian stone-curlew, Burhinus oedicnemus
      Senegal thick-knee, Burhinus senegalensis
      Spotted thick-knee, Burhinus capensis


      Egyptian plover


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Pluvianidae
      The Egyptian plover is found across equatorial Africa and along the Nile River.

      Egyptian plover, Pluvianus aegyptius


      Stilts and avocets


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
      Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

      Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus
      Pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta


      Oystercatchers


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae
      The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

      Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus


      Plovers and lapwings


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
      The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.


      Painted-snipes


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Rostratulidae
      Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured.

      Greater painted-snipe, Rostratula benghalensis (A)


      Jacanas


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Jacanidae
      The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.

      Lesser jacana, Microparra capensis (A)
      African jacana, Actophilornis africanus


      Sandpipers and allies


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
      Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.


      Buttonquail


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Turnicidae
      The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.

      Small buttonquail, Turnix sylvatica
      Quail-plover, Ortyxelos meiffrenii (A)


      Crab-plover


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Dromadidae
      The crab-plover is related to the waders. It resembles a plover but with very long grey legs and a strong heavy black bill similar to a tern. It has black-and-white plumage, a long neck, partially webbed feet and a bill designed for eating crabs.

      Crab-plover, Dromas ardeola


      Pratincoles and coursers


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Glareolidae
      Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.

      Cream-colored courser, Cursorius cursor
      Temminck's courser, Cursorius temminckii (A)
      Bronze-winged courser, Rhinoptilus chalcopterus (A)
      Collared pratincole, Glareola pratincola
      Black-winged pratincole, Glareola nordmanni
      Rock pratincole, Glareola nuchalis (A)


      Gulls, terns, and skimmers


      Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
      Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.


      Tropicbirds


      Order: Phaethontiformes Family: Phaethontidae
      Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.

      Red-billed tropicbird, Phaethon aethereus


      Northern storm-petrels


      Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae
      The northern storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

      Leach's storm-petrel, Hydrobates leucorhous (A)


      Storks


      Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae
      Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.

      African openbill, Anastomus lamelligerus
      Black stork, Ciconia nigra
      Abdim's stork, Ciconia abdimii
      African woolly-necked stork, Ciconia microscelis
      White stork, Ciconia ciconia
      Saddle-billed stork, Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis
      Marabou stork, Leptoptilos crumenifer
      Yellow-billed stork, Mycteria ibis


      Boobies and gannets


      Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
      The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

      Brown booby, Sula leucogaster


      Anhingas


      Order: Suliformes Family: Anhingidae
      Anhingas or darters are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.

      African darter, Anhinga rufa


      Cormorants and shags


      Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
      Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.

      Long-tailed cormorant, Microcarbo africanus
      Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo


      Pelicans


      Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
      Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.

      Great white pelican, Pelecanus onocrotalus
      Pink-backed pelican, Pelecanus rufescens


      Hammerkop


      Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Scopidae
      The hammerkop is a medium-sized bird with a long shaggy crest. The shape of its head with a curved bill and crest at the back is reminiscent of a hammer, hence its name. Its plumage is drab-brown all over.

      Hamerkop, Scopus umbretta


      Herons, egrets, and bitterns


      Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
      The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.


      Ibises and spoonbills


      Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
      Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

      Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus
      African sacred ibis, Threskiornis aethiopicus
      Northern bald ibis, Geronticus eremita (A)
      Hadada ibis, Bostrychia hagedash
      Eurasian spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia
      African spoonbill, Platalea alba


      Secretarybird


      Order: Accipitriformes Family: Sagittariidae
      The Secretarybird is a bird of prey in the order Falconiformes but is easily distinguished from other raptors by its long crane-like legs.

      Secretarybird, Sagittarius serpentarius (A)


      Osprey


      Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae
      The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

      Osprey, Pandion haliaetus


      Hawks, eagles, and kites


      Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
      Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.


      Barn-owls


      Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
      Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

      Western barn owl, Tyto alba


      Owls


      Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
      The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

      Eurasian scops-owl, Otus scops
      African scops-owl, Otus senegalensis
      Northern white-faced owl, Ptilopsis leucotis
      Pharaoh eagle-owl, Bubo ascalaphus
      Grayish eagle-owl, Bubo cinerascens
      Verreaux's eagle-owl, Bubo lacteus
      Pearl-spotted owlet, Glaucidium perlatum
      Little owl, Athene noctua
      Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus


      Mousebirds


      Order: Coliiformes Family: Coliidae
      The mousebirds are slender greyish or brown birds with soft, hairlike body feathers and very long thin tails. They are arboreal and scurry through the leaves like rodents in search of berries, fruit and buds. They are acrobatic and can feed upside down. All species have strong claws and reversible outer toes. They also have crests and stubby bills.

      Speckled mousebird, Colius striatus
      Blue-naped mousebird, Urocolius macrourus


      Trogons


      Order: Trogoniformes Family: Trogonidae
      The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colourful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage.

      Narina trogon, Apaloderma narina


      Hoopoes


      Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Upupidae
      Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head.

      Eurasian hoopoe, Upupa epops


      Woodhoopoes and scimitarbills


      Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Phoeniculidae
      The wood hoopoes are related to the kingfishers, rollers and hoopoes. They most resemble the hoopoes with their long curved bills, used to probe for insects, and short rounded wings. However, they differ in that they have metallic plumage, often blue, green or purple, and lack an erectile crest.

      Green woodhoopoe, Phoeniculus purpureus
      Black scimitarbill, Rhinopomastus aterrimus


      Ground-hornbills


      Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Bucorvidae
      The ground-hornbills are terrestrial birds that feed almost entirely on insects, other birds, snakes, and amphibians.

      Abyssinian ground-hornbill, Bucorvus abyssinicus


      Hornbills


      Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Bucerotidae
      Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. Frequently, the bill is brightly coloured.

      African pied hornbill, Lophoceros fasciatus
      African gray hornbill, Lophoceros nasutus
      Eastern yellow-billed hornbill, Tockus flavirostris (A)
      Northern red-billed hornbill, Tockus erythrorhynchus
      White-thighed hornbill, Bycanistes albotibialis (A)


      Kingfishers


      Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
      Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.

      Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis
      Half-collared kingfisher, Alcedo semitorquata
      Malachite kingfisher, Corythornis cristatus
      African pygmy kingfisher, Ispidina picta
      Gray-headed kingfisher, Halcyon leucocephala
      Woodland kingfisher, Halcyon senegalensis
      Striped kingfisher, Halcyon chelicuti
      Giant kingfisher, Megaceryle maximus
      Pied kingfisher, Ceryle rudis


      Bee-eaters


      Order: Coraciiformes Family: Meropidae
      The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.

      Red-throated bee-eater, Merops bulocki
      Little bee-eater, Merops pusillus
      Ethiopian bee-eater, Merops lafresnayii
      White-throated bee-eater, Merops albicollis
      African green bee-eater, Merops viridissimus
      Blue-cheeked bee-eater, Merops persicus
      European bee-eater, Merops apiaster
      Northern carmine bee-eater, Merops nubicus


      Rollers


      Order: Coraciiformes Family: Coraciidae
      Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.

      European roller, Coracias garrulus
      Abyssinian roller, Coracias abyssinica
      Rufous-crowned roller, Coracias naevia
      Broad-billed roller, Eurystomus glaucurus


      African barbets


      Order: Piciformes Family: Lybiidae
      The barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly coloured.

      Yellow-breasted barbet, Trachyphonus margaritatus
      Red-fronted tinkerbird, Pogoniulus pusillus (A)
      Yellow-fronted tinkerbird, Pogoniulus chrysoconus
      Vieillot's barbet, Lybius vieilloti
      Black-billed barbet, Lybius guifsobalito
      Black-breasted barbet, Lybius rolleti


      Honeyguides


      Order: Piciformes Family: Indicatoridae
      Honeyguides are among the few birds that feed on wax. They are named for the greater honeyguide which leads traditional honey-hunters to bees' nests and, after the hunters have harvested the honey, feeds on the remaining contents of the hive.

      Wahlberg's honeyguide, Prodotiscus regulus
      Lesser honeyguide, Indicator minor
      Greater honeyguide, Indicator indicator


      Woodpeckers


      Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
      Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

      Eurasian wryneck, Jynx torquilla
      Little gray woodpecker, Chloropicus elachus
      Bearded woodpecker, Chloropicus namaquus
      Brown-backed woodpecker, Chloropicus obsoletus
      African gray woodpecker, Chloropicus goertae
      Nubian woodpecker, Campethera nubica


      Falcons and caracaras


      Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
      Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

      Lesser kestrel, Falco naumanni
      Eurasian kestrel, Falco tinnunculus
      Fox kestrel, Falco alopex
      Gray kestrel, Falco ardosiaceus
      Red-necked falcon, Falco chicquera
      Red-footed falcon, Falco vespertinus
      Eleonora's falcon, Falco eleonorae (A)
      Sooty falcon, Falco concolor
      Merlin, Falco columbarius (A)
      Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo
      African hobby, Falco cuvierii (A)
      Lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus
      Saker falcon, Falco cherrug
      Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus


      Old World parrots


      Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittaculidae
      Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.

      Rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri


      African and New World parrots


      Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittacidae
      Most of the more than 150 species in this family are found in the New World.

      Meyer's parrot, Poicephalus meyeri


      Cuckooshrikes


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Campephagidae
      The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured.

      White-breasted cuckooshrike, Coracina pectoralis
      Red-shouldered cuckooshrike, Campephaga phoenicea


      Old World orioles


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Oriolidae
      The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.

      Eurasian golden oriole, Oriolus oriolus
      African golden oriole, Oriolus auratus


      Wattle-eyes and batises


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Platysteiridae
      The wattle-eyes, or puffback flycatchers, are small stout passerine birds of the African tropics. They get their name from the brightly coloured fleshy eye decorations found in most species in this group.

      Gray-headed batis, Batis orientalis
      Western black-headed batis, Batis erlangeri


      Vangas, helmetshrikes, and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Vangidae
      The helmetshrikes are similar in build to the shrikes, but tend to be colourful species with distinctive crests or other head ornaments, such as wattles, from which they get their name.

      White helmetshrike, Prionops plumatus


      Bushshrikes and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Malaconotidae
      Bushshrikes are similar in habits to shrikes, hunting insects and other small prey from a perch on a bush. Although similar in build to the shrikes, these tend to be either colourful species or largely black; some species are quite secretive.

      Brubru, Nilaus afer
      Northern puffback, Dryoscopus gambensis
      Marsh tchagra, Tchagra minuta
      Black-crowned tchagra, Tchagra senegala
      Ethiopian boubou, Laniarius aethiopicus
      Black-headed gonolek, Laniarius erythrogaster
      Rosy-patched bushshrike, Rhodophoneus cruentus
      Sulphur-breasted bushshrike, Telophorus sulfureopectus
      Gray-headed bushshrike, Malaconotus blanchoti


      Drongos


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Dicruridae
      The drongos are mostly black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground.

      Glossy-backed drongo, Dicrurus divaricatus


      Shrikes


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae
      Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.

      Red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio
      Red-tailed shrike, Red-tailed shrike
      Isabelline shrike, Lanius isabellinus
      Great gray shrike, Lanius excubitor
      Lesser gray shrike, Lanius minor
      Gray-backed fiscal, Lanius excubitoroides
      Yellow-billed shrike, Lanius corvinus
      Masked shrike, Lanius nubicus
      Woodchat shrike, Lanius senator


      Crows, jays, and magpies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
      The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

      Piapiac, Ptilostomus afer
      House crow, Corvus splendens (I)
      Pied crow, Corvus albus
      Brown-necked raven, Corvus ruficollis
      Fan-tailed raven, Corvus rhipidurus
      Thick-billed raven, Corvus crassirostris (A)


      Tits, chickadees, and titmice


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae
      The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

      White-shouldered black-tit, Melaniparus guineensis
      White-winged black-tit, Melaniparus leucomelas
      Dusky tit, Melaniparus funereus (A)


      Penduline-tits


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Remizidae
      The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.

      Sennar penduline-tit, Anthoscopus punctifrons
      Mouse-colored penduline-tit, Anthoscopus musculus


      Larks


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae
      Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.


      African warblers


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Macrosphenidae
      African warblers are small to medium-sized insectivores which are found in a wide variety of habitats south of the Sahara.

      Northern crombec, Sylvietta brachyura


      Cisticolas and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Cisticolidae
      The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.


      Reed warblers and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Acrocephalidae
      The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.

      Eastern olivaceous warbler, Iduna pallida
      African yellow-warbler, Iduna natalensis (A)
      Upcher's warbler, Hippolais languida (A)
      Olive-tree warbler, Hippolais olivetorum
      Icterine warbler, Hippolais icterina
      Sedge warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
      Marsh warbler, Acrocephalus palustris
      Common reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus
      Basra reed warbler, Acrocephalus griseldis
      Lesser swamp warbler, Acrocephalus gracilirostris
      Great reed warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus
      Clamorous reed warbler, Acrocephalus stentoreus


      Grassbirds and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Locustellidae
      Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.

      River warbler, Locustella fluviatilis
      Savi's warbler, Locustella luscinioides
      Common grasshopper-warbler, Locustella naevia


      Swallows


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
      The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

      Plain martin, Riparia paludicola
      Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
      Eurasian crag-martin, Ptyonoprogne rupestris
      Rock martin, Ptyonoprogne fuligula
      Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
      Ethiopian swallow, Hirundo aethiopica
      Wire-tailed swallow, Hirundo smithii
      Red-rumped swallow, Cecropis daurica
      Lesser striped swallow, Cecropis abyssinica
      Rufous-chested swallow, Cecropis semirufa (A)
      Mosque swallow, Cecropis senegalensis
      Red Sea swallow, Petrochelidon perdita (A)
      Common house-martin, Delichon urbicum
      Gray-rumped swallow, Pseudhirundo griseopyga


      Bulbuls


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Pycnonotidae
      Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.

      Northern brownbul, Phyllastrephus strepitans
      Common bulbul, Pycnonotus barbatus


      Leaf warblers


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Phylloscopidae
      Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colours.

      Wood warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix
      Eastern Bonelli's warbler, Phylloscopus orientalis
      Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus
      Common chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita


      Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Sylviidae
      The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.

      Eurasian blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla
      Garden warbler, Sylvia borin
      African hill babbler, Sylvia abyssinica
      Barred warbler, Curruca nisoria
      Lesser whitethroat, Curruca curruca
      Arabian warbler, Curruca leucomelaena
      Eastern Orphean warbler, Curruca crassirostris
      Asian desert warbler, Curruca nana
      Menetries's warbler, Curruca mystacea
      Rüppell's warbler, Curruca ruppeli
      Cyprus warbler, Curruca melanothorax
      Sardinian warbler, Curruca melanocephala
      Eastern subalpine warbler, Curruca cantillans
      Greater whitethroat, Curruca communis


      White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Zosteropidae
      The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.

      Abyssinian white-eye, Zosterops abyssinicus
      Heuglin's white-eye, Zosterops poliogastrus
      Northern yellow white-eye, Zosterops senegalensis


      Laughingthrushes and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Leiothrichidae
      The laughingthrushes are somewhat diverse in size and colouration, but are characterised by soft fluffy plumage.

      Fulvous chatterer, Argya fulva
      Brown babbler, Turdoides plebejus
      White-rumped babbler, Turdoides leucopygia
      Cretzschmar's babbler, Turdoides leucocephala (A)


      Oxpeckers


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Buphagidae
      As both the English and scientific names of these birds imply, they feed on ectoparasites, primarily ticks, found on large mammals.

      Red-billed oxpecker, Buphagus erythrorynchus
      Yellow-billed oxpecker, Buphagus africanus


      Starlings


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae
      Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

      Wattled starling, Creatophora cinerea
      Violet-backed starling, Cinnyricinclus leucogaster
      Neumann's starling, Onychognathus neumanni
      Rüppell's starling, Lamprotornis purpuroptera
      Long-tailed glossy starling, Lamprotornis caudatus
      Chestnut-bellied starling, Lamprotornis pulcher
      Lesser blue-eared starling, Lamprotornis chloropterus
      Greater blue-eared starling, Lamprotornis chalybaeus
      Purple starling, Lamprotornis purpureus
      Bronze-tailed starling, Lamprotornis chalcurus


      Thrushes and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
      The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

      Abyssinian ground-thrush, Geokichla piaggiae
      Song thrush, Turdus philomelos
      African thrush, Turdus pelios
      Ring ouzel, Turdus torquatus (A)


      Old World flycatchers


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae
      Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.


      Hypocolius


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Hypocoliidae
      The grey hypocolius is a small Middle Eastern bird with the shape and soft plumage of a waxwing. They are mainly a uniform grey colour except the males have a black triangular mask around their eyes.

      Hypocolius, Hypocolius ampelinus (A)


      Sunbirds and spiderhunters


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Nectariniidae
      The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed.

      Pygmy sunbird, Hedydipna platura
      Nile Valley sunbird, Hedydipna metallica
      Scarlet-chested sunbird, Chalcomitra senegalensis
      Beautiful sunbird, Cinnyris pulchellus
      Palestine sunbird, Cinnyris oseus
      Shining sunbird, Cinnyris habessinicus
      Variable sunbird, Cinnyris venustus
      Copper sunbird, Cinnyris cupreus


      Weavers and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Ploceidae
      The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season.


      Waxbills and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Estrildidae
      The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.

      Bronze mannikin, Spermestes cucullata
      African silverbill, Euodice cantans
      Fawn-breasted waxbill, Estrilda paludicola
      Black-rumped waxbill, Estrilda troglodytes
      Crimson-rumped waxbill, Estrilda rhodopyga
      Quailfinch, Ortygospiza atricollis (A)
      Cut-throat, Amadina fasciata
      Zebra waxbill, Amandava subflava
      Red-cheeked cordonbleu, Uraeginthus bengalus
      Green-winged pytilia, Pytilia melba
      Red-billed pytilia, Pytilia lineata (A)
      Red-billed firefinch, Lagonosticta senegala
      Bar-breasted firefinch, Lagonosticta rufopicta
      Black-faced firefinch, Lagonosticta larvata


      Indigobirds


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Viduidae
      The indigobirds are finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. All are brood parasites, which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches.

      Pin-tailed whydah, Vidua macroura
      Sahel paradise-whydah, Vidua orientalis
      Eastern paradise-whydah, Vidua paradisaea
      Village indigobird, Vidua chalybeata
      Quailfinch indigobird, Vidua nigeriae (A)
      Baka indigobird, Vidua larvaticola


      Old World sparrows


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
      Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

      House sparrow, Passer domesticus
      Spanish sparrow, Passer hispaniolensis
      Kordofan rufous sparrow, Passer cordofanicus (E)
      Northern gray-headed sparrow, Passer griseus
      Swainson's sparrow, Passer swainsonii
      Desert sparrow, Passer simplex
      Sudan golden sparrow, Passer luteus
      Chestnut sparrow, Passer eminibey
      Yellow-spotted bush sparrow, Gymnoris pyrgita
      Sahel bush sparrow, Gymnoris dentata
      Pale rockfinch, Carpospiza brachydactyla


      Wagtails and pipits


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
      Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.

      Gray wagtail, Motacilla cinerea
      Western yellow wagtail, Motacilla flava
      African pied wagtail, Motacilla aguimp
      White wagtail, Motacilla alba
      African pipit, Anthus cinnamomeus
      Long-billed pipit, Anthus similis
      Tawny pipit, Anthus campestris
      Plain-backed pipit, Anthus leucophrys
      Tree pipit, Anthus trivialis
      Red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus


      Finches, euphonias, and allies


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
      Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

      Trumpeter finch, Bucanetes githaginea
      White-rumped seedeater, Crithagra leucopygius
      Yellow-fronted canary, Crithagra mozambicus
      Yellow-rumped serin, Crithagra xanthopygia
      Reichard's seedeater, Crithagra reichardi
      Eurasian linnet, Linaria cannabina (A)


      Old World buntings


      Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae
      The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.

      Rock bunting, Emberiza cia (A)
      Cinereous bunting, Emberiza cineracea
      Ortolan bunting, Emberiza hortulana
      Cretzschmar's bunting, Emberiza caesia
      Golden-breasted bunting, Emberiza flaviventris
      Cinnamon-breasted bunting, Emberiza tahapisi
      Gosling's bunting, Emberiza goslingi
      Striolated bunting, Emberiza striolata


      See also


      List of birds
      Lists of birds by region


      References



      Lepage, Denis. "Checklist of Birds of Sudan". Bird Checklists of the World. Avibase. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
      Clements, James F. (2000). Birds of the World: A Checklist. Cornell University Press. p. 880. ISBN 0-934797-16-1.


      External links


      Birds of Sudan - World Institute for Conservation and Environment

    Kata Kunci Pencarian: