- Source: List of butterflies of India (Pieridae)
This is a list of the pierid butterflies of India. It forms part of the full List of butterflies of India.
The family Pieridae, or the whites and yellows are a family of butterflies of moderate or small size. The common names refer to the two predominant colours found on the wings of these butterflies along with markings in black.
Of the 1051 species of pierids occurring in the world, 81 species in 21 genera are found in India.
Distinguishing features
Outline of wings usually regular. Hindwings are never tailed.
Forelegs are fully developed in both sexes.
The hindwings are channelled at the abdomen to fit the abdomen.
Classification
Worldwide, family Pieridae has four subfamilies, of which the whites and the yellows are well represented in India.
Pierinae or the whites
Coliadinae or the yellows
Subfamily Pierinae, whites
= Genus Aporia, blackveins
=Tibet blackvein, Aporia peloria Hewitson, 1853
Himalayan blackvein, Aporia leucodice (Eversmann, 1843)
Dusky blackvein, Aporia nabellica (Boisduval, 1836)
Bhutan blackvein, Aporia harrietae (de Nicéville, 1892)
Great blackvein, Aporia agathon (Gray, 1832)
= Genus Baltia, dwarfs
=Shaw's dwarf, Baltia shawi (Bates, 1873)
Butler's dwarf, Baltia butleri Alphéraky, 1889
= Genus Pieris, whites
=Chumbi white, Pieris chumbiensis de Nicéville, 1897
Green banded white, Pieris krueperi devta (de Nicéville, 1884)
Greenvein white, Pieris napi Linnaeus, 1767
Naga white, Pieris naganum Moore, 1884
Kashmir white, Pieris deota (de Nicéville, 1884)
Large cabbage-white, Pieris brassicae Linnaeus, 1758
Indian cabbage white, Pieris canidia Linnaeus, 1758
Small cabbage white, Pieris rapae Linnaeus, 1758
= Genus Pontia, Bath whites
=Lesser Bath white, Pontia chloridice (Hübner, 1813)
Lofty Bath white, Pontia callidice (Hübner, 1800)
Eastern Bath white, Pontia edusa (Fabricius, 1777)
= Genus Anaphaeis, pioneers
=Pioneer (caper white), Anaphaeis aurota Fabricius, 1793
= Genus Cepora, gulls
=Common gull, Cepora nerissa Fabricius, 1775
Lesser gull, Cepora nadina Lucas, 1852
= Genus Ixias, Indian orange tips
=White orange tip, Ixias marianne Cramer, 1779
Yellow orange tip, Ixias pyrene Linnaeus, 1764
= Genus Delias, Jezebels
=Yellow Jezebel, Delias agostina Hewitson, 1852
Common Jezebel, Delias eucharis Drury, 1773
Painted Jezebel, Delias hyparete Linnaeus, 1758
Hill Jezebel, Delias belladonna Fabricius, 1793
Pale Jezebel, Delias sanaca (Moore, 1857)
Dark Jezebel, Delias berinda (Moore, 1872)
Redspot Jezebel, Delias descombesi Boisduval, 1836
Redbase Jezebel, Delias pasithoe Linnaeus, ?
Redbreast Jezebel, Delias acalis Godart, 1819
= Genus Prioneris, sawtooths
=Spotted sawtooth, Prioneris thestylis Doubleday, 1842
Painted sawtooth, Prioneris sita C. Felder, 1865
Redspot sawtooth, Prioneris clemanthe Doubleday, 1846
= Genus Appias, puffins and albatrosses
=Spot puffin, Appias lalage (Doubleday, 1842)
Plain puffin, Appias indra Moore, 1857
Western striped albatross, Appias libythea Fabricius, 1775
Eastern striped albatross, Appias olferna Fabricius, 1775
Chocolate albatross, Appias lyncida Cramer, 1777
Common albatross, Appias albina Felder
Lesser albatross, Appias wardii (Moore, 1884)
Orange albatross, Appias nero galba (Wallace, 1867)
Nicobar albatross, Appias panda chrysea Fruhstorfer, 1903
= Genus Leptosia, Psyche
=Psyche, Leptosia nina Fabricius, 1793
= Genus Euchloe, little whites
=Lemon white, Euchloe charlonia lucilla Butler, 1886
Pearl white, Euchloe ausonia dephalis Hübner 1803
= Genus Hebomoia, great orange tip
=Great orange-tip, Hebomoia glaucippe Linnaeus, 1758
= Genus Colotis, Arabs
=Small salmon Arab, Colotis amata Fabricius, 1775
Blue-spotted Arab, Colotis phisadia (Godart, 1819)
White Arab, Colotis vestalis (Butler, 1876)
Large salmon Arab, Colotis fausta (Olivier, 1804)
Small orange-tip, Colotis etrida Boisduval, 1836
Plain orange-tip, Colotis aurora (Cramer, 1780)
Crimson-tip, Colotis danae (Fabricius, 1775)
= Genus Pareronia, wanderers
=Pale wanderer, Pareronia avatar (Moore, 1858)
Dark wanderer, Pareronia ceylanica (C. & R. Felder, 1865)
Common wanderer, Pareronia valeria (Cramer, 1776)
Subfamily Coliadinae, yellows
= Genus Catopsilia, emigrants
=Common emigrant, Catopsilia pomona Fabricius, 1775
Mottled emigrant, Catopsilia pyranthe Latreille, 1758
= Genus Gonepteryx, brimstones
=Common brimstone, Gonepteryx rhamni Latreille, 1758
Lesser brimstone, Gonepteryx aspasia Ménétriés, 1859
= Genus Dercas, sulphurs
=Tailed sulphur, Dercas verhuelli (Hoeven, 1839)
Plain sulphur, Dercas lycorias (doubleDay, 1842)
= Genus Eurema, grass yellows
=Small grass yellow, Eurema brigitta Cramer, 1780
Spotless grass yellow, Eurema laeta Boisduval, 1836
Scarce grass yellow, Eurema lacteola Distant, 1886
One-spot grass yellow, Eurema andersonii Moore
Common grass yellow, Eurema hecabe Linnaeus, 1758
Three-spot grass yellow, Eurema blanda Boisduval, 1836
Nilgiri grass yellow, Eurema nilgiriensis
= Genus Gandaca, tree yellow
=Tree yellow, Gandaca harina (Horsfield, 1829)
= Genus Colias, clouded yellows
=Lemon clouded yellow, Colias thrasibulus Fabricius, 1910
Ladakh clouded yellow, Colias ladakensis C. Felder, 1865
Everest clouded yellow, Colias berylla Fawcett, 1904
Fawcett's clouded yellow, Colias nina Fawcett, 1904
Pale clouded yellow, Colias hyale Linnaeus, 1758
Fiery clouded yellow, Colias eogene C. Felder, 1865
Orange clouded yellow, Colias stoliczkana Moore
Dwarf clouded yellow, Colias dubia Elwes, 1906
Dark clouded yellow, Colias croceus Geoffroy, 1785
Nilgiri clouded yellow, Colias nilgiriensis
Life cycle
Eggs - Tall, bottle-shaped eggs which are ribbed down the sides. They are generally white, eventually changing to yellow or orange, or, they may be blotched with red.
Caterpillars - The caterpillars are cylindrical and smooth usually covered with hairy-ended tubercles. They are generally green and have pale longitudinal stripes. They are all generally similar and difficult to distinguish apart.
Chrysalids - Angular with a pointed head which may be produced into a long snout. Supported by a tail hook and girth, some being suspended head upwards like the swallowtails and others being fastened horizontally to a leaf or other surface.
Food plants
The food plants vary considerably, however there is a general trend, in that the whites mostly use capers, (family Capparidaceae) while the yellows usually prefer members of the family Leguminosae, which consist of peas, clover, Cassia and others.
References
Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar, Isaac David; Punetha, Jagdish Chandra (1992). Common Butterflies of India. Nature Guides. Bombay, India: World Wide Fund for Nature-India by Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195631647.
Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000). Butterflies of Peninsular India. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press. ISBN 978-8173713545.
Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.
External links
LepIndex, NHM, London
Idaho Museum of Natural History
A modern classification of the Pieridae at Butterfly Net International
Indian Butterflies - Pieridae
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Lepidoptera
- Daftar kupu-kupu Jepang
- Kupu-kupu ekor layang-layang
- List of butterflies of India (Pieridae)
- List of butterflies of India
- Eurema andersonii
- List of butterflies of Karnataka
- List of butterflies of Kerala
- Colias stoliczkana
- Pieris canidia
- Catopsilia pyranthe
- Pareronia valeria
- Leptosia nina
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