- Source: List of Egyptian deities
Ancient Egyptian deities were an integral part of ancient Egyptian religion and were worshiped for millennia. Many of them ruled over natural and social phenomena, as well as abstract concepts. These gods and goddesses appear in virtually every aspect of ancient Egyptian civilization, and more than 1,500 of them are known by name. Many Egyptian texts mention deities' names without indicating their character or role, while other texts refer to specific deities without even stating their name, so a complete list of them is difficult to assemble.
Major deities
= Gods
=Aker – A god of Earth and the horizon
Amun – A creator god, patron deity of the city of Thebes, and the preeminent deity in ancient Egypt during the New Kingdom
Anhur – A god of war and hunting
Anubis – The god of funerals, embalming and protector of the dead
Aten – Sun disk deity who became the focus of the monolatrous or monotheistic Atenist belief system in the reign of Akhenaten. Was also the literal sun disk.
Atum – A creator god and solar deity, first god of the Ennead
Bennu – A solar and creator deity, depicted as a heron
Geb – An earth god and member of the Ennead
Hapi – Personification of the Nile flood
Horus – A major god, usually shown as a falcon or as a human child, linked with the sky, the sun, kingship, protection, and healing. Often said to be the son of Osiris and Isis.
Khepri – A solar creator god, often treated as the morning aspect of Ra and represented by a scarab beetle
Khnum – A ram god, the patron deity of Elephantine, who was said to control the Nile flood and give life to gods and humans
Khonsu – A moon god, son of Amun and Mut
Maahes – A lion god, son of Bastet
Montu – A god of war and the sun, worshiped at Thebes
Nefertum – God of the lotus blossom from which the sun god rose at the beginning of time. Son of Ptah and Sekhmet.
Nemty – Falcon god, worshiped in Middle Egypt, who appears in myth as a ferryman for greater gods
Neper – A god of grain
Osiris – god of death and resurrection who rules the Underworld and enlivens vegetation, the sun god, and deceased souls
Ptah – A creator deity and god of craftsmen, the patron god of Memphis
Set – An ambivalent god, characterized by violence, chaos, and strength, connected with the desert. Mythological murderer of Osiris and enemy of Horus, but also a supporter of the Pharaoh.
Shu – Embodiment of wind or air, a member of the Ennead
Sobek – crocodile god, worshiped in the Faiyum and at Kom Ombo
Sopdu – A god of the sky and of Egypt's eastern border regions
Thoth – A moon god, and a god of writing and scribes, and patron deity of Hermopolis
Wadj-wer – Personification of the Mediterranean sea or lakes of the Nile Delta
= Goddesses
=Amunet – Female counterpart of Amun and a member of the Ogdoad
Anput – The goddess of funerals, embalming and protector of the dead, female counterpart to Anubis
Anuket – A feathered headdress wearing goddess of Egypt's southern frontier regions, particularly the lower cataracts of the Nile
Bastet – Goddess represented as a cat or lioness, patroness of the city of Bubastis, linked with protection from evil
Bat – cow goddess from early in Egyptian history, eventually absorbed by Hathor
Hathor – One of the most important goddesses, linked with the sky, the sun, sexuality and motherhood, music and dance, foreign lands and goods, and the afterlife. One of many forms of the Eye of Ra. She is often depicted as a cow.
Heqet – Frog goddess said to protect women in childbirth
Hesat – A maternal cow goddess
Imentet – An afterlife goddess closely linked with Isis and Hathor
Isis – Wife of Osiris and mother of Horus, linked with funerary rites, motherhood, protection, and magic. She became a major deity in Greek and Roman religion.
Maat – Goddess who personified truth, justice, and order
Menhit – A lioness goddess
Mut – Consort of Amun, worshiped at Thebes
Neith – A creator and hunter goddess, patron of the city of Sais in Lower Egypt
Nekhbet – A vulture goddess, the tutelary deity of Upper Egypt
Nephthys – A member of the Ennead, the consort of Set, who mourned Osiris alongside Isis
Nepit – A goddess of grain, female counterpart of Neper
Nut – A sky goddess, a member of the Ennead
Pakhet – A lioness goddess mainly worshiped in the area around Beni Hasan
Renenutet – An agricultural goddess
Satet – A goddess of Egypt's southern frontier regions
Sekhmet – A lioness goddess, both destructive and violent and capable of warding off disease, protector of the Pharaohs who led them in war, the consort of Ptah and one of many forms of the Eye of Ra.
Tefnut – lioness goddess of moisture and a member of the Ennead
Wadjet – A cobra goddess, the tutelary deity of Lower Egypt
Wosret – A goddess of Thebes
= Hermaphroditic forms
=Hapi – Personification of the Nile flood
Heh – Personification of infinity and a member of the Ogdoad
Kek – The god of Chaos and Darkness, as well as being the concept of primordial darkness. Kek's female form is known as Kauket.
Nu – Personification of the formless, watery disorder from which the world emerged at creation and a member of the Ogdoad
Ra – The foremost Egyptian sun god, involved in creation and the afterlife. Mythological ruler of the gods, father of every Egyptian Pharaoh, and the patron god of Heliopolis.
Tatenen – Personification of the first mound of earth to emerge from chaos in ancient Egyptian creation myths
Minor deities
= Male
=Aani – A protector ape headed god
Aati – One of the 42 judges of the souls of the dead
Abu – Abu was an early Egyptian god of Light that was likely worshiped in the city of Elephantine.
Am-heh – A dangerous Underworld god
Amenhotep I – The second Pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty, deified
Amenhotep son of Hapu – A scribe and architect in the court of Amenhotep III, later deified for his wisdom
Amu-Aa – A god who accompanies Osiris during the second hour of the night
An-a-f – One of the 42 judges of the souls of the dead
An-hetep-f – One of the 42 judges of the souls of the dead
An-mut-f – A god
An-tcher-f – A god
Andjety – A god of the ninth nome of Upper Egypt
Ani – A god of festivals
Anti – A hawk god of Upper Egypt
Apedemak – A warlike lion god from Nubia who appears in some Egyptian-built temples in Lower Nubia
Apep – A serpent deity who personified malevolent chaos and was said to fight Ra in the Underworld every night
Āpesh – A evil turtle god
Apis – A live bull worshiped as a god at Memphis and seen as a manifestation of Ptah
Aqen – A deity of the Underworld
Arensnuphis – A Nubian deity who appears in Egyptian temples in Lower Nubia in the Greco-Roman era
Asclepius – A Greek god worshiped in ancient Egypt at Saqqara
Ash – A god of the Libyan Desert and oases west of Egyptt
Astennu – A baboon god associated with Thoth.
Ba – A god of fertility
Ba-Ra – A god
Baal – Sky and storm god from Syria and Canaan, worshiped in ancient Egypt during the New Kingdom
Babi – A baboon god characterized by sexuality and aggression
Banebdjedet – A ram god, patron of the city of Mendes
Ba-Pef – A little-known Underworld deity; ram-headed god of the eighth hour
Bata –A bull god, the brother of Anubis
Bes – Apotropaic god, represented as a dwarf, particularly important in protecting children and women in childbirth
Buchis – A live bull god worshiped in the region around Thebes and a manifestation of Montu
Dedun – A Nubian god, said to provide the Egyptians with incense and other resources that came from Nubia
Denwen – A serpent and dragon god
Djebuty – Tutelary god of Djeba
Djefa – God of abundance
Dionysus-Osiris – A life-death-rebirth god.
Duamutef – A son of Horus
Fa – A god of destiny
Fetket – A butler of Ra
Gengen Wer – A celestial goose god who guarded the celestial egg containing the life force
Ha – A god of the Libyan Desert and oases west of Egypt
Ḥapi – A son of Horus
Hapy-Wet – God of the Nile in heaven
Djedefhor – Son of Pharaoh Khufu who was deified after death because he wrote a book considered to be the work of a god
Harmachis – Sphinx god
Harsomtus – A child god of Edfu
Haurun – A protector and healing god, originally a Canaanite god
Heka – Personification of magic
Heneb – A god of grain
Henkhisesui – God of the east wind
Heru-Khu – A god in the fifth division of Duat
Hery-sha-duat – Underworld god in charge of the fields of Duat
Heryshaf – ram god worshiped at Herakleopolis Magna
Hu – Personification of the authority of the spoken word
Iah – A moon god
Igai – God of oases and Egypt's Western Desert
Ihy – A child deity born to Horus and Hathor, representing the music and joy produced by the sistrum
Imhotep – Architect and Vizier to Djoser, eventually deified as a healer god
Imset – A son of Horus
Jupiter-Amum – A Roman influenced god worshiped at the Siwa Oasis in Egyptt
Kagemni – A Vizier to Sneferu who wrote the Instructions of Kagemni, later deified
Khentekhtai – crocodile god worshiped at Athribis
Khenti-Amenti(u) – A necropolis deity
Khenti-qerer – A god
Kherty – A Underworld god, usually depicted as a ram
Khesfu – A god who carries a spear in the tenth division of Duat
Kneph – A ram creator god
Mandulis – A Lower Nubian solar deity who appeared in some Egyptian temples
Medjed – A minor god from the Book of the Dead.
Mehen – A serpent god who protects the barque of Ra as it travels through the Underworld
Min – A god of virility, as well as the cities of Akhmim and Qift and the Eastern Desert beyond them
Mnevis – A live bull god worshiped at Heliopolis as a manifestation of Ra
Nefer Hor – A son of Thoth
Neferhotep – Son of Hathor
Nehebkau – A protective serpent god
Panebtawy – A child god, son of Horus the Elder
Petbe – God of revenge
Peteese – Brother of Pihor who drowned in the Nile, later deified
Pihor – Brother of Peteese who drowned in the Nile, later deified
Ptahhotep – Writer of a Wisdom Text, later deified
Qebehsenuef – A son of Horus
Qebui – God of the north winds
Ra-ateni – A god
Rā-Ḥerakhty – A form of Ra in which he is joined with Horus.
Rem – fish god and the personification of Ra's tears.
Reshep – A Syrian war god adopted into Ancient Egyptian religion in the New Kingdom, depicted with beard and the crown of Upper Egypt
Sah – Personification of the constellation Orion
Sebeg – Personification of the planet Mercury
Sebiumeker – Guardian god of procreation and fertility, he was a major god in Meroe, Kush
Sed – A jackal deity who protected kingship
Seker – God of the Memphite Necropolis and of the afterlife in general
Sekhemus – God of the fourth hour of Duat
Sepa – A centipede god who protected people from snake bites
Sepes – A god who lived in a tree
Sepṭu – A bearded plume wearing god
Serapis – A Greco-Egyptian god from the Ptolemaic Period who fused traits of Osiris and Apis with those of several Greek gods. Husband of Isis who, like her, was adopted into Greek and Roman religion outside Egypt.
Seta-Ta – A mummified god in the fourth division of Duat
Setcheh – A serpent demon
Setem – A god of healing
Shed – A god believed to save people from danger and misfortune
Shehbui – God of the south wind
Shezmu – A god of wine, Blood, and oil presses who also slaughters condemned souls
Sia – Personification of perception
Teka-her – serpent God of the fourth hour of Duat
Tutu – An apotropaic god from the Greco-Roman era
Weneg – A plant god and son of Ra who maintains cosmic order
Wenenu – A protector god
Wepwawet – A jackal god, the patron deity of Asyut, connected with warfare and the afterlife
Yam – A Syrian god of the sea who appears in some Ancient Egyptian literature
= Female
=Ahti – A malevolent hippopotamus goddess
Amathaunta – An ocean goddess
Ammit – Goddess who devoured condemned souls
Amn – A goddess who welcomed souls of the dead in the Underworld
Anat – A war and fertility goddess, originally from Syria, who entered ancient Egyptian religion in the Middle Kingdom. A daughter of Re, thus, in Egypt, a sister of Astarte.
Anhefta – A protective spirit who guards one end of the ninth division of Duat
Anit – Wife of Andjety
Anuke – A war goddess
Ảpet – A solar disc wearing goddess worshiped at Thebes
Astarte – A warrior goddess from Syria and Canaan who entered ancient Egyptian religion in the New Kingdom
Ba'alat Gebal – A Canaanite goddess, patroness of the city of Byblos, adopted into ancient Egyptian religion
Beset—Guardian of women in childbirth and infants who appeared during the Middle Kingdom. She may have been the mother of Bes.
Besna – Goddess of home security
Esna – A divine perch
Hatmehit – Fish goddess worshiped at Mendes
Hedetet – A minor scorpion goddess
Heptet – A knife holding goddess of death
Heret-Kau – A protector goddess who protected the souls of the dead in the afterlife
Hert-ketit-s – A lioness headed goddess in the eleventh division of Duat
Hert-Nemmat-Set – A goddess in the eleventh division of Duat who punishes the damned
Hert-sefu-s – A goddess in the eleventh division of Duat
Heru-pa-kaut – A mother goddess with a fish on her head
Heset – Goddess of food and drink
Hetepes-Sekhus – A personification of the eye of Ra, also a cobra goddess
Iabet – Goddess of fertility and rebirth
Iat – A goddess of milk and nursing
Ipy – A mother goddess depicted as a hippopotamus
Ishtar – The East Semitic version of Astarte, occasionally mentioned in ancient Egyptian literature
Iusaaset – A female counterpart to Atum; a solar disc wearing goddess worshiped at Heliopolis
Iw – A creation goddess
Kebehut – Daughter of Anubis, goddess of freshness, she helps him in mummifying dead bodies
Ken – Goddess of love
Khefthernebes – A funerary deity
Mafdet – A predatory goddess said to destroy dangerous creatures
Matit – A funerary cat goddess who had a cult center at Thinis
Mehet-Weret – A celestial cow goddess
Mehit – A warrior lioness goddess originally from Nubia worshiped at Abydos, consort of Anhur
Menhit – A solar lioness goddess who personified the brow of Ra
Meretseger – A cobra goddess who oversaw the Theban Necropolis
Meret – The goddess of music who established cosmic order
Meskhenet – A goddess who presided over childbirth
Nakith – A goddess of the Underworld
Naunet – female counterpart to Nun
Nebethetepet – A female counterpart to Atum
Nebt-Ankhiu – A goddess of the Underworld
Nebt-Khu – A goddess of the Underworld
Nebt-Mat – A goddess of the Underworld
Nebt-Setau – A goddess of the Underworld
Nebt-Shat – A goddess of the Underworld
Nebt-Shefshefet – A goddess of the Underworld
Nefertari – The mother of Amenhotep I, deified
Nehmetawy – A minor goddess, the consort of Nehebkau or Thoth
Pelican – Goddess of the dead
Perit – A goddess of the Underworld
Pesi – A goddess of the Underworld
Qererti A goddess
Qerhet – Goddess of the eight nomes of Lower Egypt
Qed-her – Gate Goddess of Duat
Qetesh – A goddess of sexuality and sacred ecstasy from Syria and Canaan, adopted into ancient Egyptian religion in the New Kingdom
Raet-Tawy – A female counterpart to Ra
Rekhit – A goddess of the Underworld
Renpet – Goddess who personified the year
Sait – A goddess of the Underworld
Sefkhet-Abwy – Goddess of writing and temple libraries
Sehith – A goddess of the Underworld
Sekhat-Hor – A cow goddess
Sekhet-Metu – A goddess of the Underworld
Seret – A lioness goddess possibly originally from Libya
Serqet – A scorpion goddess, invoked for healing and protection
Sesenet-Khu – A goddess of the Underworld
Seshat – Goddess of writing and record-keeping, depicted as a scribe
Shemat-Khu – A goddess of the Underworld
Shentayet – A protective goddess possibly of widows
Shenty – A cow goddess
Shesmetet – A lioness goddess
Sopdet – Personification of the star Sirius, mother of Sopdu
Swenet – Goddess related to Aswan
Ta-Bitjet – A minor scorpion goddess
Tafner – A vulture headdress wearing goddess
Ta-Sent-Nefert – A wife of Horus the Elder
Taweret – hippopotamus goddess, protector of women in childbirth
Tayt – Goddess of weaving
Temet – A female counterpart to Atum
Temtith – A goddess of the Underworld
Tenenet – Goddess of brewing and protection
Themath – A goddess of the Underworld
Thermuthis – Goddess of fate, fertility, and harvest
Thmei – Goddess of truth
Unut – A goddess represented as a snake or a hare, worshiped in the region of Hermopolis
Usit – A goddess of the Underworld
Wepset – A protector serpent goddess
Werethekau – A goddess who protected the Pharaoh
= Male or female
=Hedjhotep – God of fabrics and clothing
Shai – Personification of fate
Faltis – Personification of failure sculpture made by Khnum
= Objects
=Semi – A deified object found in the tenth division of Duat
Lesser-known deities
= Male
== Female
=Ảmi-khent-āat – A goddess of Edfû
Ảmi-pet-seshem-neterit – One of the 12 Thoueris goddesses
Ảmi-urt – A cow goddess
Ảmi-utchat-sảakhu-Ảtemt – One of the 12 Thoueris goddesses
Ảmit-Qeţem – A goddess who assisted resurrecting Osiris
Ảmit-she-t-urt – A goddess
Āpertra – A singing goddess
Ảrit-ȧakhu – A star goddess
Ảriti – A goddess
Ba-khati – A goddess
Baiut-s-ảmiu-heh – A goddess
Ḥebit – An air goddess
Hetemit – Goddess of destruction
Ḥunit – Goddess of the twenty first day of the month
Ḥunit Pe – A tutelary goddess of Buto
Ḥunit urit – A tutelary goddess of Heliopolis
Ḥuntheth – A lioness goddess
Ḥurit urit – A goddess
Maa-ā – A singing god
Maa-neter-s – A singing goddess
Neb Ȧa-t – A goddess
Neb Ȧa-t-Then – A goddess
Neb āāu – A goddess
Neb-ābui – A goddess
Neb ȧkeb – A goddess
Neb Ȧnit – A goddess
Neb ảri-t-qerr-t – A goddess
Neb ảrit-tcheṭflu – Goddess who created reptiles
Neb ảs-ḥatt – A goddess
Neb ȧs-ur – A goddess
Neb Ȧter – A goddess
Neb ȧter-Shemā – A goddess
Neb ảur – A goddess of the river
Neb Aut – A goddess
Neb Bȧa-t – A goddess
Neb ḥekau – The goddess of spells
Neb ḥetep – A crocodile goddess
Neb Khasa – A goddess
Neb Khebit – The goddess of Chemmis
Neb peḥti – A goddess
Neb Per-res – A goddess
Neb petti – A goddess
Neb Sa – A goddess
Neb Sam – A goddess
Neb sau-ta – A goddess
Neb sebu – A goddess
Neb Septi – A goddess
Neb-t ȧakhu – A serpent goddess of dawn
Neb-t ȧnemit – A goddess of offerings
Neb-t ānkh – One of twelve goddesses who opened the gates of Duat to Ảf
Neb-t ānkhiu – A goddess with two serpents
Neb-t Ảţu – A goddess
Nebt-Āu-Khenti-Ṭuat – A cow goddess who appears in the ninth hour of Ra's journey through the Underworld in the Book of Gates
Neb-t au-t-ȧb – A cow goddess
Neb-t Kheper – A serpent goddess
Neb-t usha – Goddess of the eighth division of the Duat
Neb Un – A goddess
Nebt Ānnu – A goddess
Neterit-nekhenit-Rā – A singing goddess in Duat
Un-baiusit – A goddess
Unnit – A goddess
Unnuit – A goddess
Upit – A serpent goddess
Ur-ā – A goddess
Urit – A goddess
Urit-ȧmi-t-Ṭuat – A goddess who escorted Ra
Urit-em-sekhemu-s – Goddess of the fourth hour
Urit-en-kru – A lioness headed hippopotamus goddess
Urit-ḥekau – Goddess of Upper Egypt
Urti-ḥethati – Goddess of Ánu
= Male or female
=Groups of deities
Citations
Works cited
Allen, James P. (2000). Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-77483-7.
Hart, George (2005). The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses, Second Edition. Routledge. ISBN 0-203-02362-5.
Porter, Bertha; Moss, Rosalind (1991). Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings. Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum Oxford. ISBN 978-0-900416-82-8.
Wilkinson, Richard H. (2003). The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05120-8.
Lorton, Claude Traunecker. Transl. from the French by David (2001). The gods of Egypt (1st English-language edn, enhanced and expanded). Ithaca, N.Y [u.a.]: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3834-9.
Budge, Sir Ernest A. Wallis (2010). An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary (in two volumes, with an index of English words, king list and geographical list with indexes, list of hieroglyphic characters, Coptic and Semitic alphabets). New York: Cosimo Classics. ISBN 978-1-61640-460-4.
"Aswan History Facts and Timeline: Aswan, Egypt". http://www.world-guides.com/africa/egypt/aswan/aswan_history.html.
Petry, Alan W. Shorter; with a new bibliography by Bonnie L. (1994). The Egyptian gods : a handbook (rev. edn). San Bernardino (Calif.): The Borgo Press. ISBN 0-89370-535-7.
"Gods of Egypt". http://www.touregypt.net/godsofegypt/.
Willockx, Sjef. "Amentet, Andjeti and Anubis: Three Ancient Egyptian Gods (2007)".
Mark, Joshua J. "Egyptian Gods – The Complete List". https://www.worldhistory.org/article/885/egyptian-gods---the-complete-list/.
Nelson, Thomas (2017). The Woman's Study Bible: Receiving God's Truth for Balance, Hope, and Transformation. Biblica, Inc.
"GVC09-24: Mystical creatures and gods -Egyptian". [1]
Durdin-Robertson, Lawrence (1979). Communion With The Goddess: Idols, Images, and Symbols of the Goddesses; Egypt Part III. Cesara Publications.
translations, translated by Raymond O. Faulkner; with additional; Wasserman, a commentary by Ogden Goelet JR.; with color illustrations from the facsimile volume produced in 1890 under the supervision of E.A. Wallis Budge; introduced by Carol A. R. Andrews; edited by Eva Von Dassow; in an edition conceived by James (1994). The Egyptian Book of the dead : the Book of going forth by day : being the Papyrus of Ani (royal scribe of the divine offerings), written and illustrated circa 1250 B.C.E., by scribes and artists unknown, including the balance of chapters of the books of the dead known as the theban recension, compiled from ancient texts, dating back to the roots of Egyptian civilization (1st edn). San Francisco: Chronicle Books. ISBN 0-8118-0767-3.
Further reading
Leitz, Christian, ed. (2002). Lexikon der ägyptischen Götter und Götterbezeichnungen (in German). Peeters. Vol. I: ISBN 90-429-1146-8; Vol. II: ISBN 90-429-1147-6; Vol. III: ISBN 90-429-1148-4; Vol. IV: ISBN 90-429-1149-2; Vol. V: ISBN 90-429-1150-6; Vol. VI: ISBN 90-429-1151-4; Vol. VII: ISBN 90-429-1152-2; Vol. VIII: ISBN 90-429-1376-2.
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Amduat
- Sejarah dunia
- List of Egyptian deities
- Ancient Egyptian deities
- Index of Egyptian mythology articles
- List of African deities and mythological figures
- List of death deities
- Gate deities of the underworld
- List of fertility deities
- List of earth deities
- List of solar deities
- List of beauty deities
