• Source: List of electoral systems

An electoral system (or voting system) is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined.
Some electoral systems elect a single winner (single candidate or option), while others elect multiple winners, such as members of parliament or boards of directors.
The study of formally defined electoral methods is called social choice theory or voting theory, and this study can take place within the field of political science, economics, or mathematics, and specifically within the subfields of game theory and mechanism design.




List of electoral systems by types






= Key

=
Name (abbr.) and other names of the system (other names that may sometimes refer to other systems)
Type of representation: the most common division of electoral systems
Winner-take-all system (also called majoritarian representation): includes all single-winner systems; no guaranteed minority representation
Proportional representation
Semi-proportional representation
Other: sortition, etc.
Mixed system (yes/no): A systems composed of multiple other electoral systems, usually containing at least one proportional and one winner-take all system.
Superposition/parallel voting
Coexistence
Fusion
Correction
Conditional
Supermixed
Single-winner/multiple winner system
List / candidate (personal election, also called nominal election) based system
Decision rule
No quota
Plurality (candidate or candidates with most votes wins, even if not majority of votes)
Quota (candidates must at least reach the quota to be certain of election)
Absolute majority (candidates must receive support at least half of voters
Other
Pairwise comparisons
Type of ballot
single choice (voter can cast only one vote, whether for a candidate or for a party)
multiple choice (voter can cast multiple votes)
cumulative (voter can cast more than one vote for a candidate)
ranked (preferential voting; ordinal voting) (allows vote transfers)
score (cardinal voting)
Number of votes/voter
Number of tiers: number of levels e.g. local, regional, state, national




= Systems

=




List of electoral systems used for national elections






See also


Comparison of electoral systems
Sortition
Indirect voting
Liquid democracy




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Amerika Serikat
• Britania Raya
• Orang Māori
• Pemilihan umum legislatif Indonesia 2004
• Pemilihan umum Presiden Belarus 2020
• Partai politik di Indonesia
• Pemilihan umum Presiden Indonesia 2004
• Populisme sayap kanan
• Istanbul
• Fasisme
• List of electoral systems
• List of electoral systems by country
• Electoral system
• Mixed electoral system
• Party-list system
• Electoral list
• Winner-take-all system
• Proportional representation
• Electoral system of Germany
• Coexistence (electoral systems)