- Source: List of excepted hereditary peers
Under the reforms of the House of Lords Act 1999, the majority of hereditary peers became ineligible to be members of the House of Lords, the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Section 2 of the Act, however, provides an exception from this general exclusion of membership for up to 92 hereditary peers: 90 to be elected by the House, as well as the holders of two royal offices, the Earl Marshal and the Lord Great Chamberlain, who sit as ex officio members. The initial cohort of excepted hereditary peers were elected in the 1999 House of Lords elections. Between 1999 and November 2002, vacancies among this group were filled by runners-up in the 1999 election. Since then, by-elections to the House of Lords have filled vacancies.
Candidature for both the 1999 elections and subsequent by-elections is restricted to peers in the Peerages of England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Peers in the Peerage of Ireland are only eligible for election if they hold a title in one of the other peerages, but if successful may use their Irish peerage title as a member of the House. The electorates are either the whole membership of the House of Lords (including life peers), or a party group of sitting hereditary peers. A standing order of the House, approved prior to the commencement of the House of Lords Act 1999, mandates that the 90 elected hereditary peers consist of:
2 peers elected by the Labour hereditary peers
42 peers elected by the Conservative hereditary peers
3 peers elected by the Liberal Democrat hereditary peers
28 peers elected by the crossbench hereditary peers
15 peers elected by the whole House
By convention, whole-House elections elect members of the same affiliation as the departed peer.
These numbers elected by each group reflected the relative strengths of the parties among hereditary peers in 1999; this allocation has remained unchanged since then. The fifteen peers elected by the whole House were intended to provide a group of experienced members ready to serve as deputy speakers or other officers.
A small number of hereditary peers sit in the Lords by virtue of their being granted life peerages (see listing). These are not listed below.
Ex officio members
= Earl Marshal
=The Earl Marshal is an hereditary post held by the Duke of Norfolk.
= Lord Great Chamberlain
=The Lord Great Chamberlain is a hereditary office in gross post among the Cholmondeley, Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby and Carington families.
In 1902 it was ruled by the House of Lords that the then joint office holders (the 1st Earl of Ancaster, the 4th Marquess of Cholmondeley, and the Earl Carrington, later Marquess of Lincolnshire) had to agree on a deputy to exercise the office, subject to the approval of the Sovereign. Should there be no such agreement, the Sovereign should appoint a deputy until an agreement be reached.
In 1912 an agreement was reached. The office, or right to appoint the person to exercise the office, would thereafter rotate among the three joint office holders and their heirs after them, changing at the start of each successive reign. Cholmondeley and his heirs would serve in every other reign; Ancaster and Carrington would each serve once in four reigns.
Elected by the whole House
= Sitting
== Deceased
== Resigned
=Pursuant to section 1 of House of Lords Reform Act 2014
Elected by the Conservative hereditary peers
= Sitting Conservative peers
== Deceased Conservative peers
== Resigned Conservative peers
=Pursuant to section 1 of House of Lords Reform Act 2014
= Removed Conservative peers
=Pursuant to section 2 of House of Lords Reform Act 2014
Elected by the Crossbencher hereditary peers
= Sitting Crossbench peers
== Deceased Crossbench peers
== Resigned Crossbench peers
=Pursuant to section 1 of House of Lords Reform Act 2014
= Removed Crossbench peers
=Pursuant to section 2 of House of Lords Reform Act 2014
Elected by the Labour hereditary peers
= Sitting Labour peers
== Deceased Labour peers
=Elected by the Liberal Democrats hereditary peers
= Sitting Liberal Democrats peers
== Deceased Liberal Democrats peers
=Current party composition
As of July 2024, the party affiliations of the elected hereditary peers are as follows:
One additional hereditary peer is an ex officio member of the Lords: Duke of Norfolk (Earl Marshal).
See also
1999 House of Lords elections
By-elections to the House of Lords
List of hereditary peers in the House of Lords by virtue of a life peerage
List of hereditary peers removed under the House of Lords Act 1999
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Hereditary peerage
References
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- List of excepted hereditary peers
- List of life peerages
- Hereditary peer
- 1999 House of Lords elections
- List of members of the House of Lords
- House of Lords Act 1999
- Peerages in the United Kingdom
- By-elections to the House of Lords
- List of hereditary peers removed under the House of Lords Act 1999
- House of Lords
