- Source: List of extant papal tombs
A pope is the Bishop of Rome and the leader of the Catholic Church. Approximately 100 papal tombs are at least partially extant, representing less than half of the 265 deceased popes, from Saint Peter to Benedict XVI.
For the first few centuries in particular, little is known of the popes and their tombs, and available information is often contradictory. As with other religious relics, multiple sites claim to house the same tomb. Furthermore, many papal tombs that recycled sarcophagi and other materials from earlier tombs were later recycled for their valuable materials or combined with other monuments. For example, the tomb of Pope Leo I was combined with Leos II, III, and IV circa 855, and then removed in the seventeenth century and placed under his own altar, below Alessandro Algardi's relief, Fuga d'Attila. The style of papal tombs has evolved considerably throughout history, tracking trends in the development of church monuments. Notable papal tombs have been commissioned from sculptors such as Michelangelo and Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
Most extant papal tombs are located in St. Peter's Basilica, other major churches of Rome (especially Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, Santa Maria sopra Minerva and Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore), or other churches of Italy, France, and Germany.
Note on non-extant tombs
Many early tombs no longer exist due to repeated translations or destruction. This list does not include non-extant papal tombs. Information about these tombs is generally incomplete and uncertain. Locations of destroyed or lost papal tombs include:
Saint Peter's tomb, around which the following popes were traditionally believed to have been buried: Pope Linus, Pope Anacletus, Pope Evaristus, Pope Telesphorus, Pope Hyginus, Pope Pius I, Pope Anicetus (later transferred to the Catacomb of Callixtus), and Pope Victor I. Epigraphic evidence exists only for Linus, with the discovery of a burial slab marked "Linus" in 1615; however, the slab is broken such that it could have once read "Aquilinius" or "Anullinus".
The Catacombs of Rome, specifically the Catacomb of Callixtus, the Catacomb of Priscilla (beneath San Martino ai Monti), the Catacomb of Balbina, the Catacomb of Calepodius, the Catacomb of Pontian, and the Catacomb of Felicitas, which were emptied by repeated translations by the ninth century.
Papal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica, which once numbered over 100 papal tombs, nearly all of which were destroyed during the sixteenth/seventeenth century demolition.
Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, where over a dozen tombs were destroyed in two fires (1308 and 1361).
Other tombs not included in this list are:
Tombs of antipopes, which—with few exceptions—are obscure or destroyed. An antipope is a historical papal claimant currently regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as illegitimate. Notably, however, the Tomb of Antipope John XXIII is in the Battistero di San Giovanni in Florence.
Santi Vincenzo e Anastasio a Trevi, the resting place of the precordium of 22 popes from Sixtus V (1585–1590) to Leo XIII (1878–1903).
1st–5th centuries
= 1st century
== 2nd century
== 3rd century
== 4th century
== 5th century
=6th–10th centuries
= 6th century
== 7th century
== 8th century
== 9th century
== 10th century
=11th–15th centuries
= 11th century
== 12th century
== 13th century
== 14th century
== 15th century
=16th–21st centuries
= 16th century
== 17th century
== 18th century
== 19th century
== 20th century
== 21st century
=See also
Index of Vatican City-related articles
Notes
References
Gardner, Julian (1992), The Tomb and the Tiara, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ISBN 978-0-19-817510-0
Mann, H. K. (2003), Tombs and Portraits of the Popes of the Middle Ages, Kessinger Publishing, ISBN 978-0-7661-2903-0
Reardon, Wendy J. (2004), The Deaths of the Popes, Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, ISBN 978-0-7864-1527-4
Webb, Matilda (2001), The Churches and Catacombs of Early Christian Rome: a comprehensive guide, Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, ISBN 978-1-902210-57-5
External links
(in German) Information and images on papal tombs (1417 and 1799) from the Requiem project
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- List of extant papal tombs
- List of non-extant papal tombs
- List of papal tombs
- Vatican Grottoes
- Tomb
- Papal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica
- Catacombs of Aproniano
- Papal tiara
- List of tombs of antipopes
- Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
