- Source: List of German-sponsored acts of terrorism during World War I
During World War I Imperial Germany funded or inspired a number of terrorist acts in America and abroad. It was hoped that these attacks would harm the war efforts of the Allies or Entente Powers. Spy heads like the American-based German Military Attaché Franz von Papen received money to fund these terrorist activities and distributed them to local actors or German agents. In 1917 the New York Times reported that there were 10,000 German, Austro-Hungarian, Bulgarian, and Ottoman agents in America. While most of the terrorist attacks were amateurish and foiled by local law enforcement, some like the Black Tom explosion caused immense devastation.
List of state-sponsored terrorist attacks
State-sponsored terrorism is government support of violent non-state actors engaged in terrorism. States can sponsor terrorist groups in several ways, including but not limited to funding terrorist organizations, providing training, supplying weapons, and hosting groups within their borders. During WWI, Imperial Germany sponsored multiple terrorist attacks.
Lone Wolf attacks
A lone wolf attack is a particular kind of terrorist attack, committed in a public setting by an individual or group who plans and commits an act of terrorism inspired by another organization or state, in this case, Imperial Germany. However, instead of being directed to or paid to carry out the attack the planning and the implementation for it is independent of the German Empire.
See also
German war crimes
War crimes in World War I
Terrorism in the United States
Great Phenol Plot
Bibliography
Notes
References
"Police Frustrate German Attempt To Blow Up Ship". The Birmingham Age-Herald. Birmingham, AL. December 23, 1914. pp. 1–12. ISSN 2692-6318. OCLC 12607279. Retrieved December 23, 2021 – via Library of Congress.
Blum, Howard (2014). Dark Invasion 1915: Germany's Secret War and the Hunt for the First Terrorist Cell in America. Harper. ISBN 9780062307590.
"Kaltschmidt and four others tried to wreck screwworks, is charge". The Detroit Times. Detroit, Wayne, Michigan: Detroit To-Day Co. May 22, 1917. pp. 1–8. ISSN 2688-9390. OCLC 9977557. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
R. R. Bowker (1916). Information: A Digest of Currect Events - Vol II 1916. R. R. Bowker. - Total pages: 692
King, Gilbert (November 1, 2011). "Sabotage in New York Harbor". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
Gilman, William (January 23, 2020). The Spy Trap. Wildside Press LLC. ISBN 9781479447725.
"Flames Break Out On Two Bridges; Four Germans Are Arrested; War Reports Vary". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Honolulu, Hawaii: P.T. Gialanella. April 29, 1915. pp. 1–16. ISSN 2326-1137. OCLC 8807359. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
MacDonnell, Francis (September 19, 1995). Insidious Foes: The Axis Fifth Column and the American Home Front. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199879915.
Maag, Christopher (January 10, 2017). "Lyndhurst marks 100th anniversary of Kingsland explosion". The Record. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
"German Spies Active Here For Months". The New York Times. February 4, 1917. ISSN 1553-8095. OCLC 1645522. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
"Charge Germans in Powder Plot". The Tacoma Times. Tacoma, Pierce, Washington: Tacoma Times Pub. Co. June 21, 1915. pp. 1–8. ISSN 2158-4729. OCLC 17347623. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
Wheelis, Mark (17 September 1998). "First shots fired in biological warfare". Correspondence. Nature. 395 (6699): 213. Bibcode:1998Natur.395..213W. doi:10.1038/26089. PMID 9751039.
von Feilitzsch, Heribert (2015). The Secret War on the United States in 1915. Henselstone Verlag LLC. ISBN 9780985031763.
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- List of German-sponsored acts of terrorism during World War I
- State-sponsored terrorism
- Outline of World War I
- State terrorism
- Terrorism
- War crimes in World War II
- Definition of terrorism
- Soviet Union and state-sponsored terrorism
- Terrorism in Europe
- Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism
