• Source: List of hominoids

Hominoidea is a superfamily of primates. Members of this superfamily are called hominoids or apes, and include gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, gibbons, bonobos, and humans. Hominoidea is one of the six major groups in the order Primates. The majority are found in forests in Southeastern Asia and Equatorial Africa, with the exception of humans, which have spread worldwide to every biome. They range in size from some gibbon species in the genus Nomascus, at 40 cm (16 in), to the eastern gorilla, at 196 cm (77 in), not including limbs. Hominoids primarily eat fruit, leaves, flowers, and insects, though humans are omnivorous. Most hominoids do not have population estimates, but the ones that do range from 10 mature individuals to 47,000, in addition to over 8 billion humans. Nearly every species is categorized as endangered or critically endangered; aside from humans, the only exception is the eastern hoolock gibbon, classified as vulnerable.
The twenty-eight extant species of Hominoidea are divided into two families: Hominidae, containing five gorilla, chimpanzee, and human species divided into three genera in the subfamily Homininae, and three orangutan species in a single genus in the subfamily Ponginae; and Hylobatidae, containing twenty gibbon species divided into four genera. Dozens of extinct prehistoric hominoid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.




Conventions



Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the hominoid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct genera, species, or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "†".




Classification



The superfamily Hominoidea consists of two extant families: Hominidae and Hylobatidae. Hominidae is divided into two subfamilies: Homininae, containing five species divided between three genera, and Ponginae, containing three species in a single genus. Hylobatidae contains twenty species in four genera.
Family Hominidae

Subfamily Homininae
Genus Gorilla (gorillas): two species
Genus Homo (human): one species
Genus Pan (chimpanzees): two species
Subfamily Ponginae
Genus Pongo (orangutans): three species
Family Hylobatidae

Genus Hoolock (hoolock gibbons): three species
Genus Hylobates (dwarf gibbons): eight species
Genus Nomascus (crested gibbons): seven species
Genus Symphalangus (siamang): one species




Hominoids


The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.




= Family Hominidae

=



Subfamily Homininae




Subfamily Ponginae





= Family Hylobatidae

=




References






Sources

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Evolusi manusia
• Manusia
• Sejarah dunia
• Asal-mula bahasa
• Bipedalisme
• List of hominoids
• Ape
• Oldest hominids
• Coccyx
• Monkey
• Hominini
• Hominidae
• Samburupithecus
• Timeline of human evolution
• List of human evolution fossils