• Source: List of intelligence gathering disciplines

This is a list of intelligence gathering disciplines.




HUMINT



Human intelligence (HUMINT) are gathered from a person in the location in question. Sources can include the following:

Advisors or foreign internal defense (FID) personnel working with host nation (HN) forces or populations
Diplomatic reporting by accredited diplomats (e.g. military attachés)
Espionage clandestine reporting, access agents, couriers, cutouts
Military attachés
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
Prisoners of war (POWs) or detainees
Refugees
Routine patrolling (military police, patrols, etc.)
Traveler debriefing (e.g. CIA Domestic Contact Service)
MI6 is often thought to use human intelligence to operate in different countries or Britain itself to protect the country from global affairs. However, this is usually confused with their brother agency MI5, which focuses on the security of Britain.




FININT



Financial intelligence (FININT) are gathered from analysis of monetary transactions.




GEOINT



Geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) are gathered from satellite and aerial photography, or mapping/terrain data.

Imagery intelligence (IMINT) – gathered from satellite and aerial photography




MASINT



Measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT) are gathered from an array of signatures (distinctive characteristics) of fixed or dynamic target sources. According to the Air Force Institute of Technology's Center for MASINT Studies and Research, MASINT is split into six major disciplines: electro-optical, nuclear, radar, geophysical, materials, and radiofrequency.

Electro-optical MASINT
Airborne electro-optical missile tracking MASINT
Tactical counter-artillery sensors
Infrared MASINT
Optical measurement of nuclear explosions
LASER MASINT
Spectroscopic MASINT
Hyperspectral MASINT
Space-based staring infrared sensors
Nuclear MASINT
Radiation survey and dosimetry
Space-based nuclear energy detection
Effects of ionizing radiation on materials
Geophysical MASINT
Weather and sea intelligence MASINT
Acoustic MASINT, also known as acoustical intelligence (ACOUSTINT or ACINT)
Seismic MASINT
Magnetic MASINT
Gravitimetric MASINT
Radar MASINT
Line-of-sight radar MASINT
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) MASINT
Non-cooperative target recognition
Multistatic radar MASINT
Passive covert radar
Materials MASINT
Chemical materials MASINT
Biological materials MASINT
Nuclear test analysis
Radiofrequency MASINT
Frequency domain MASINT
Electromagnetic pulse MASINT
Unintentional radiation MASINT




OSINT



Open-source intelligence (OSINT) are gathered from open sources. OSINT can be further segmented by the source type: Internet/General, Scientific/Technical, and various HUMINT specialties, e.g. trade shows, association meetings, and interviews.




SIGINT



Signals intelligence (SIGINT) are gathered from interception of signals.

Communications intelligence (COMINT)
Electronic intelligence (ELINT) – gathered from electronic signals that do not contain speech or text (which are considered COMINT)
Foreign instrumentation signals intelligence (FISINT) – entails the collection and analysis of telemetry data from a missile or sometimes from aircraft tests; formerly known as telemetry intelligence or TELINT




TECHINT



Technical intelligence (TECHINT) are gathered from analysis of weapons and equipment used by the armed forces of foreign nations, or environmental conditions.

Medical intelligence (MEDINT) – gathered from analysis of medical records and/or actual physiological examinations to determine health and/or particular ailments and allergic conditions for consideration




See also


All-source intelligence
Cryptanalysis
Meteorological intelligence
Operations security
Spy satellite
TEMPEST
Traffic analysis




References

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