• Source: List of International Space Station spacewalks

On the International Space Station (ISS), extravehicular activities are major events in the building and maintaining of the orbital laboratory, and are performed to install new components, re-wire systems, modules, and equipment, and to monitor, install, and retrieve scientific experiments.

Due to the complexity of building a station in space, space agencies train astronauts extensively, preparing them to encounter surprises during spacewalks, teaching them how to assemble special tools and equipment, and carefully coordinating every activity during spacewalks. From 1998 to 2005, thirty-seven Space Shuttle missions were scheduled to assemble, outfit and begin experiments and research aboard the station.
The initial spacewalk to begin the assembly of the International Space Station was held on 7 December 1998, following the launch of the first section of the station, Zarya, from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, on 20 November 1998. The spacewalk attached the U.S.-built Unity node to Zarya. The longest spacewalk was performed on 11 March 2001, when STS-102 crew members Susan J. Helms and James S. Voss conducted a full spacewalk, and then returned to the airlock, but remained in their suits ready to exit the airlock again in case the robotics operations ran into problems. The total time for that spacewalk was eight hours and fifty-six minutes.
As of 2 December 2021, there have been 245 spacewalks devoted to assembly and maintenance of the International Space Station totaling 1548 hours and 26 minutes. Thirty-seven of those spacewalks were performed from a shuttle, ninety-three from the Quest Joint Airlock, thirty-two from the Pirs docking compartment, and two from the transfer compartment at the forward end of the Zvezda service module.
*denotes spacewalks performed from the Pirs docking compartment in Russian Orlan suits.
^denotes spacewalks performed from the Poisk module in Russian Orlan suits.
†denotes spacewalks performed from the visiting Space Shuttle's airlock.
‡denotes the one EVA and one IVA performed from the transfer compartment at the forward end of the Zvezda Service Module.
All other spacewalks were performed from the Quest airlock.
ISS Expedition spacewalks are separated from shuttle spacewalks by a separator.




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*denotes spacewalks performed from the Pirs docking compartment in Russian Orlan suits.
^denotes spacewalks performed from the Poisk module in Russian Orlan suits.
†denotes spacewalks performed from the visiting space shuttle's airlock.
‡denotes the one EVA and one IVA performed from the transfer compartment at the forward end of the Zvezda Service Module.
All other spacewalks were performed from the Quest airlock.
ISS Expedition spacewalks are separated from shuttle spacewalks by a separator.




Gallery






See also


List of spacewalks and moonwalks
List of cumulative spacewalk records




References


This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.




External links


NASA – EVA FAQ
NASA – International Space Station Archived 7 September 2005 at the Wayback Machine
International Space Station Daily reports Archived 4 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine
NASA Office of Space Operations – EVA Statistics page (may not be up to date)

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• List of International Space Station spacewalks
• Lists of spacewalks and moonwalks
• List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station
• List of spaceflight records
• Extravehicular activity
• List of International Space Station expeditions
• International Space Station
• List of accidents and incidents involving the International Space Station
• Space suit
• STS-102