- Source: List of monarchs of Brittany
This is a list of monarchs of the Duchy of Brittany. In different epochs the sovereigns of Brittany were kings, princes, and dukes. The Breton ruler was sometimes elected, sometimes attained the position by conquest or intrigue, or by hereditary right. Hereditary dukes were sometimes a female ruler, carrying the title duchesse of Brittany. Its principal cities and regions were ruled by counts who often found themselves in conflict with the Breton ruler, or who became the Breton ruler.
During the declining years of the Roman Empire, the earliest Breton rulers in Gaul were styled "kings" of the small realms of Cornouaille and Domnonée. Some such kings may have had a form of hegemony over all of the Brythonic populations in the Armorican peninsula, and Riothamus is called King of the Britons by the chronicler Jordanes. However, there are no certain rulers of the whole of Brittany, which was divided into the fiefdoms of local counts.
The Duchy of Brittany had its origins in the Battle of Trans-la-Forêt of 939, which established the river Couesnon as the boundary between Brittany and Normandy. In 942, Alan II paid homage to Louis IV of France; however, the duchy did not gain royal attention until 1123, when Louis VI of France confirmed the bishop of Nantes. No other Duke of Brittany repeated Alan II's homage until Arthur I recognised Philip II of France as his liege in 1202.
The area was often called a Duchy, and its monarchs were considered independent Sovereign Dukes. However, one historical view is that before the middle of the 12th century the Dukes of Brittany were often also called Counts by the Kings of France, as the kingdom of France then saw Brittany as no more than a county. In 1297, the peninsula was elevated into a Duchy in the peerage of France. This view is not consistent with the manner in which Charles VIII of France and then Louis XII of France approached the Duchy and the rights of Anne of Brittany who married each in succession.
Early Breton monarchs
Conan Meriadoc (4th century) – by tradition, the founder of Brittany
Budic II (early 6th century)
Waroch II (late 6th century)
Saint Judicaël (early 7th century)
Alain II Hir (c.640?–690)
Morman (r. 814–818)
Wihomarc (r. 822–825)
Dukes of Brittany
= Dukes under the Carolingians
=Nominoe (or Nevenoe) (r. 841–851), as a missus dominicus of the Emperor Louis the Pious, a count of Vannes (Gwened) and arguably a duke (dux) of Brittany
Erispoe (r. 851–857), as a duke, then as a king
Salomon (or Salaun) (r. 857–874), as a duke, then a king
Pasquitan (or Paskweten) (r. 874–877), ruling Brittany (southern part) with Gurvand
Gurvand (r. 874–877), ruling Brittany (northern part) with Pasquitan
Judicael (r. 877–888), successor of Gurvand, ruled Brittany (north) with Alan the Great (south)
Alan the Great (reigned from 877 to 888 with Judicaël, alone as a duke, then as a king up to 907)
Gourmaëlon, Count of Cornouaille (reigned from 907 as a guardian of the kingdom)
The succession was interrupted by the Viking occupation (913–937)
= House of Nantes
== House of Rennes
== House of Cornouaille
== House of Penthièvre
== House of Plantagenet
=Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany, eldest daughter of Geoffrey and Constance and full elder sister of Arthur, also unmarried, was prevented from succession by her imprisonment in England which lasted till her death in 1241, thus was merely a titular duchess from 1208 to 1214 when John, King of England ceased to support her claim.
= House of Thouars
== House of Dreux
== Breton War of Succession
== House of Montfort
== House of Valois
=As courtesy title
Family tree
See also
Brittany
Château des ducs de Bretagne (Castle of the Dukes of Brittany)
Duchy of Brittany
List of Breton royal consorts
Union of the Duchy of Brittany with the Crown of France
References
External links
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- List of monarchs of Brittany
- List of longest-reigning monarchs
- Lists of monarchs
- List of female monarchs
- List of current monarchs of sovereign states
- List of fictional monarchs of real countries
- List of rulers of Austria
- List of monarchs of Haiti
- Alan I, King of Brittany
- Family tree of English monarchs
