• Source: List of neurosteroids

This is a list of neurosteroids, or natural and synthetic steroids that are active on the mammalian nervous system through receptors other than steroid hormone receptors. It includes inhibitory, excitatory, and neurotrophic neurosteroids as well as pheromones and vomeropherines. In contrast to steroid hormones, neurosteroids have rapid, non-genomic effects through interactions with membrane steroid receptors and can quickly influence central nervous system function.




Inhibitory






= Natural

=



Cholestanes

25-Hydroxycholesterol: cholest-5-en-3β,25-diol – NMDA receptor negative allosteric modulator



Androstanes

3α,5α-Androstanediol (3α-androstanediol): 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
3α,5β-Androstanediol (etiocholanediol): 5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
3α-Androstenol: 5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
Androsterone: 5α-androstan-3α-ol-17-one – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
Etiocholanolone: 5β-androstan-3α-ol-17-one – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
The following are proneurosteroids:

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT; androstanolone, stanolone): 5α-androst-17β-ol-3-one – of the above-listed inhibitory androstane neurosteroids
Testosterone: androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one – of the above-listed inhibitory androstane neurosteroids



Pregnanes

3α-Dihydroprogesterone (3α-DHP): pregn-4-en-3α-ol-20-one – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
5α-Dihydroprogesterone (5α-DHP; allopregnanedione): 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
5β-Dihydroprogesterone (5β-DHP; pregnanedione): 5β-pregnane-3,20-dione – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
Allopregnanediol: 5α-pregnane-3α,20α-diol – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
Allopregnanolone (brexanolone; SAGE-547): 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
Dihydrodeoxycorticosterone (DHDOC): 21-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
Pregnanediol: 5β-pregnan-3α,20α-diol – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
Pregnanolone (eltanolone): 5β-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC): 3α,21-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
The following are proneurosteroids:

Deoxycorticosterone (desoxycortone): 21-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione – of DHDOC and THDOC
Pregnenolone (P5): pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one – of pregnanolones and pregnanediols (see above)
Progesterone (P4): pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione – of pregnanediones, pregnanolones, and pregnanediols (see above)




= Synthetic

=



Cholestanes

Acebrochol (cholesteryl acetate dibromide): 5α,6β-dibromocholestan-3β-ol 3β-acetate – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator



Pregnanes

Alfadolone: 3α,21-dihydroxy-5α-pregnane-11,20-dione – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
Alfadolone acetate: 3α,21-dihydroxy-5α-pregnane-11,20-dione 21-acetate – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
Alfaxalone: 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnane-11,20-dione – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
EIDD-036 (P4-20-O): 20-(hydroxyimino)pregn-4-en-3-one – progesterone-like inhibitory neurosteroid
Ganaxolone: 3β-methyl-5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
Hydroxydione: 21-hydroxy-5β-pregnane-3,20-dione – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
Minaxolone: 11α-(dimethylamino)-2β-ethoxy-5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
ORG-20599: 21-chloro-2β-morpholin-4-yl-5β-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
ORG-21465: 2β-(2,2-dimethyl-4-morpholinyl)-3α-hydroxy-11,20-dioxo-5α-pregnan-21-yl methanesulfonate – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
Posovolone (Co 134444): 3β-Hydroxy-21-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3α-(methoxymethyl)-5α-pregnan-20-one – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
Renanolone: 5β-pregnan-3α-ol-11,20-dione – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
SGE-516 – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
SGE-872 – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
Zuranolone (SAGE-217): 3α-hydroxy-3β-methyl-21-(4-cyano-1H-pyrazol-1'-yl)-19-nor-5β-pregnan-20-one – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
The following are proneurosteroids:

EIDD-1723 – of EIDD-036 (see above)
P1-185 – of progesterone and by extension pregnanediones, pregnanolones, and pregnanediols (see above)
Progesterone carboxymethyloxime (P4-3-CMO) – of progesterone and by extension pregnanediones, pregnanolones, and pregnanediols (see above)




Excitatory






= Natural

=



Cholestanes

Cerebrosterol (24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol): cholest-5-en-3β,24S-diol – NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator



Pregnanes

3β-Dihydroprogesterone (3β-DHP): pregn-4-en-3β-ol-20-one – GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulator
Epipregnanolone: 5β-pregnan-3β-ol-20-one – GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulator
Isopregnanolone (sepranolone): 5α-pregnan-3β-ol-20-one – GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulator
Pregnenolone sulfate (PS): pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one 3β-sulfate – GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulator, NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator, sigma-1 receptor agonist, TRPM3 agonist, other actions
The following are proneurosteroids:

Pregnenolone (P5): pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one – of pregnenolone sulfate



Androstanes

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA; prasterone): androst-5-en-3β-ol-17-one – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator, NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator, sigma-1 receptor agonist, other actions
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S; prasterone sulfate): androst-5-en-3β-ol-17-one 3β-sulfate – GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulator, NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator, other actions




= Synthetic

=



Androstanes

17-Phenylandrostenol (17-PA): 17-phenyl-5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol – GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulator
Golexanolone (GR-3027): 3α-ethynyl-3β-hydroxyandrostan-17E-one oxime – GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulator



Others

SAGE-201 - oxysterol/cholesterol analogue – NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator
SAGE-301 - oxysterol/cholesterol analogue – NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator
SAGE-718: oxysterol/cholesterol analogue; exact chemical structure undisclosed – NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator




Mixed






= Natural

=



Cholestanes

Cholesterol: cholest-5-en-3β-ol – NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator, possible GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator, many other actions



Pregnanes

Epipregnanolone sulfate: 5β-pregnan-3β-ol-20-one 3β-sulfate – GABAA and NMDA receptor negative allosteric modulator, TRPM3 agonist




Neurotrophic






= Natural

=



Androstanes

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA; prasterone): androst-5-en-3β-ol-17-one – TrkA, TrkC, and p75NTR agonist, TrkB ligand
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S; prasterone sulfate): androst-5-en-3β-ol-17-one 3β-sulfate – TrkA and p75NTR agonist



Ergostanes

Anicequol (NGA0187, NGD-187): 16β-acetoxy-3β,7β,11β-trihydroxy-5α-ergost-22(E)-en-6-one – non-endogenous; fungi-derived; undefined mechanism of action; shows neurotrophic activity in vitro; was formerly under development for the treatment of cognitive disorders




= Synthetic

=



Androstanes

BNN-20: 17β-spiro-(androst-5-en-17,2'-oxiran)-3β-ol – TrkA, TrkB, and p75NTR agonist



Pregnanes

BNN-27: 17α,20R-epoxypregn-5-ene-3β,21-diol – TrkA and p75NTR agonist




Antineurotrophic






= Natural

=



Androstanes

Testosterone: androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one – TrkA and p75NTR antagonist




= Synthetic

=



Pregnanes

Dexamethasone: 9α-fluoro-11β,17α,21-trihydroxy-16α-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione – TrkA and p75NTR antagonist




Pheromones and pherines






= Natural

=



Androstanes

3α-Androstenol: 5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol
3β-Androstenol: 5α-androst-16-en-3β-ol
Androstadienol: androsta-5,16-dien-3β-ol
Androstadienone: androsta-4,16-dien-3-one
Androstenone: 5α-androst-16-en-3-one
Androsterone: 5α-androstan-3α-ol-17-one



Estranes

Estratetraenol: estra-1,3,5(10),16-tetraen-3-ol




= Synthetic

=



Androstanes

Fasedienol (Aloradine; PH94B; 4-androstadienol): androsta-4,16-dien-3β-ol



Estranes

Estratetraenyl acetate (ETA): estra-1,3,5(10),16-tetraen-3-yl acetate



Pregnanes

Pregnadienedione (PDD): pregna-4,20-dien-3,6-dione



Others

PH10, PH15, PH30, PH56, PH78, PH84, Salubrin (PH80) – pherines with undefined structures developed by a company called Pherin Pharmaceuticals




Others






= Natural

=



Pregnanes

Pregnenolone (P5): pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one – MAP2 ligand
Progesterone (P4): pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione – sigma-1 receptor antagonist, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor negative allosteric modulator, MAP2 ligand, other actions



Spirostanes


Caprospinol (SP-233; diosgenin 3-caproate): (22R,25R)-20α-spirost-5-en-3β-yl hexanoate – β-amyloid ligand, sigma-1 receptor ligand, other actions; found naturally in Gynura japonica; under development as a neuroprotective against Alzheimer's disease



Estranes

Estradiol (E2): Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol; found to increase the expression of the oxytocin receptor.




= Synthetic

=



Pregnanes

3β-Methoxypregnenolone (MAP-4343): 3β-methoxypregn-5-en-20-one – MAP2 ligand
Cyclopregnol (neurosterone): 6β-hydroxy-3:5-cyclopregnan-20-one – undefined mechanism of action; developed as a "psychotropic agent" for the treatment of "mental disorders" such as schizophrenia in the 1950s



Androstanes

Cetadiol: androst-5-ene-3β,16α-diol – undefined mechanism of action; developed as a "tranquilizer" and for the treatment of alcoholism in the 1950s




See also


List of steroids
Neurosteroidogenesis inhibitor




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• List of neurosteroids
• Neurosteroid
• List of steroids
• Pheromone
• Outline of psychology
• Androsterone
• Human sex pheromones
• Diosgenin
• Androstadienone
• Allopregnanolone