• Source: List of non-marine molluscs of Turkey

The non-marine molluscs of the country of Turkey are a part of the molluscan fauna of Turkey. The biodiversity of non-marine molluscs of Turkey is richer than in surrounding European states.
There are at least 825 species of non-marine molluscs living in the wild in Turkey. An approximate guess to the total number, however, is of about 1030 non-marine molluscs in Turkey (see the table below).
There are a total of 825 species of gastropods, which breaks down to 95 (counted 80 "Prosobranchia" only and at least 15 other freshwater snails from this list) taxa of freshwater gastropods (including brackish water species), and 730 species (and subspecies) of land gastropods. There is also relevant number of freshwater bivalves living in the wild in Turkey.
According to Gümüş et al. (2009), the Turkish malacofauna of land gastropods currently comprises 730 valid species and subspecies of terrestrial snails, belonging to 36 families.
Gümüş et al. (2009) stated that Turkey has a very rich freshwater malacofauna with a very large proportion of endemic species. Those authors estimated that Turkey is inhabited by at least 300 species of freshwater molluscs.

There are also significant numbers of non-indigenous species, including bivalves and various synanthropic gastropods and bivalves.




Land gastropods overview



A country such as Turkey, with a highly variable relief and a diversified climate and vegetation, can support a similarly rich and diversified malacofauna of terrestrial gastropods. Consequently, the recent changes in both land use and climate (which is gradually shifting from semi-arid and winter-cold Central Turkey to a subtropical periphery with high humidity during winter) have immediately affected the malacofauna, causing area shifts following the unstable environmental conditions, including depletion or even complete loss of some populations. Increasing pasture farming leads to a loss of forest vegetation, and thus to a loss of those molluscan species which are adapted to such conditions.
The recent rise of average summer temperature resulting from global warming may particularly affect the Mediterranean species. Gümüş et al. (2009) speculated that both the average length of the dry summer period and the absolute temperature are rising, and that the aestivation period of species adapted to the Mediterranean drought is now too long. The animals die from starvation or desiccation, and several species or subspecies may already be approaching the verge of extinction.
As far as nomenclature, an average of two to three additional synonym names for each taxon are available to land gastropods in Turkey.

The degree of endemism for the area of Turkey is about 65%. The degree of endemism on the species level is relatively high and is comparable to that of Greece, which houses the highest number of terrestrial snail taxa in Europe, with a similarly high value of endemism. In Turkey, several pulmonate families reach a maximum of biodiversity. The biodiversity has been able to develop there without any major interruptions since the Pliocene.
The malacofauna of some areas, such as the inner Anatolian steppe areas, and many of the densely forested mountain ranges, is incompletely ascertained or almost completely unknown. As research progresses, records of species new to science can be expected, and the knowledge of the ranges of already-known taxa will increase. Another accretion in taxa numbers may be caused by the resolution of cryptic species clusters with the help of DNA sequencing methods, the Barcoding Project, and other related activities.




History of malacozoology of terrestrial gastropods


The first species from the Turkish terrestrial malacofauna were described by Guillaume-Antoine Olivier (1756–1814), who, amongst others, collected natural history objects in the Middle East. For example he named the following species: Multidentula ovularis (Olivier, 1801) and Bulgarica denticulata (Olivier, 1801) from "Ghemlek" (= Gemlik in the Bay of Mudanya) or Assyriella guttata (Olivier, 1804) from Urfa. After Olivier, the area was visited by the German Johannes Rudolf Roth and his party, and then was target of other scientists, naturalists and collectors like Bellardi, Boissier, Dubois de Montpereux, Frivaldsky, Huet de Pavillon, Parreyss, Schläfli, Sievers and others. Their collections went to the most prolific malacologists interested in the area like Jules René Bourguignat, Jean de Charpentier, Heinrich Carl Küster, Johann Rudolf Albert Mousson, Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer and Emil Adolf Rossmässler. In the second half of the 19th century, the famous German malacologists Oskar Boettger and Wilhelm Kobelt from the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt intensified the malacological research in Turkey, with contributions by Gottfried Nägele, Otto von Retowski and Carl Agardh Westerlund. After Kobelt’s death in 1916, the "Golden Age" of malacology was finished except for some contributions by Paul Hesse, Wassili Adolfovitch Lindholm and Otto W. von Rosen. After almost 50 years of scientific silence, it was the "Netherlands biological expedition to Turkey 1959", which again shifted the focus of malacologists to Turkey. Since then, the malacological science received an enormous boost and stimulated both international as well as Turkish scientists to deepen the knowledge of the Turkish malacofauna. During this period, which now lasts about 50 years, one third of the number of taxa accepted today as valid has been added! Some of the most active contributors to this success should be mentioned here (in alphabetic order of the surnames): R. A. Bank; G. Falkner; L. Forcart; E. Gittenberger; Z. P. Erőss; Z. Fehér; B. A. Gümüş; B. Hausdorf; V. Hudec; H.P.M.G. Menkhorst; L. Németh; E. Neubert; H. Nordsieck; B. Páll-Gergely; W. Rähle; A. Riedel; H. Schütt; R. Şeşen; M.I. Szekeres; A. Wiktor and M. Z. Yıldırım.




Freshwater gastropods


Neritidae

Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) - Theodoxus fluviatilis fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1789), Theodoxus fluviatilis euxinus (Clessin, 1885)
Theodoxus heldreichi (Martens, 1879) - Theodoxus heldreichi heldreichi (Martens, 1879), Theodoxus heldreichi fluvicola Schütt & Seşen, 1992
Theodoxus anatolicus (Recluz, 1841)
Theodoxus syriacus (Bourguignat, 1852)
Theodoxus altenai Schütt, 1965
Theodoxus jordani (Sowerby, 1832)
Theodoxus cinctellus (Martens, 1874)
Viviparidae

Viviparus mamillatus (Küster, 1852)
Viviparus contectus (Millet, 1813)
Viviparus viviparus costae (Mousson, 1863)
Thiaridae

Melanoides tuberculata (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Melanopsidae

Melanopsis praemorsa (Linnaeus, 1789) - Melanopsis praemorsa praemorsa (Linnaeus, 1789), Melanopsis praemorsa ferussaci Roth, 1839, Melanopsis praemorsa maximalis Schütt, 1974
Melanopsis buccinoidea (Olivier, 1801)
Melanopsis costata (Olivier, 1804) - Melanopsis costata costata (Olivier, 1804), Melanopsis costata chantrei Locard, 1921
Melanopsis nodosa Férussac, 1823
Esperiana esperi (A. Férussac, 1823)
Esperiana sangarica Schütt, 1974
Esperiana acicularis stussineri Schütt, 1974
Bithyniidae

Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bithynia leachii (Sheppard, 1823)
Bithynia pseudemmericia Schütt, 1964
Bithynia phialensis (Conrad, 1852)
Bithynia badiella (Küster, 1852)
Bithynia kayrae Odabaşı & Odabaşı, 2017
Bithynia pentheri Sturany, 1905
Bithynia pesici - Note: listed by Şereflişan (2009), but not listed by Yildirim (2006)
Bithynia timmii Odabaşı & Arslan, 2015
Bithynia yildirimi Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
Pseudobithynia adiyamanensis Gürlek, 2017
Pseudobithynia pentheri (Sturany, 1904)
Pseudobithynia yildirimi (Odabaşı, Kebapçı & Akbulut, 2013)
Hydrobiidae

Potamopyrgus antipodarum J. E. Gray, 1843 - non-indigenous
Hydrobia ventrosa (Montagu, 1803)
Hydrobia stagnorum (Gmelin, 1790)
Peringia ulvae (Pennant, 1777)
Hydrobia soosi (Wagner, 1928)
Hydrobia anatolica Schütt, 1965
Pseudamnicola bilgini Schütt, 1993
Pseudamnicola cirikorum Odabaşi, Odabaşi & Acar, 2019
Pseudamnicola geldiayana Schütt, 1970
Pseudamnicola intranodosa Schütt, 1993
Pseudamnicola radeae Odabaşi, Odabaşi & Acar, 2019
Pyrgorientalia zilchi (Schütt, 1964)
Grossuana kayrae Odabaşi, Odabaşi & Acar, 2019
Isparta felei Yildirim, Koca, Gürlek & Glöer, 2018
Kirelia carinata Radoman, 1973
Kirelia murtici Radoman, 1973
Falsipyrgula pfeiferi (Weber, 1927)
Falsipyrgula beysehirana (Schütt, 1965)
Falsipyrgula schuetti Yildirim, 1999
Horatia parvula (Naegele, 1894)
Pseudorientalia ceriti Gürlek, 2017
Pseudorientalia natolica (Küster, 1852) - Pseudorientalia natolica natolica (Küster, 1852), Pseudorientalia natolica smyrnensis Schütt, 1970
Falsibelgrandiella bunarica Radoman, 1973
Tefennia tefennica Schütt & Yildirim, 2003 - Tefenni spring snail
Orientalina caputlacus Schütt, 1993
Turkorientalia anatolica Radoman, 1973
Sheitanok amidicus Schütt & Şeşen, 1991
Graecoanatolica lacustristurca Radoman, 1973
Graecoanatolica tenuis Radoman, 1973
Graecoanatolica kocapinarica Radoman, 1973
Graecoanatolica conica Radoman, 1973
Graecoanatolica brevis Radoman, 1973
Graecoanatolica pamphylica (Schütt, 1964)
Heleobia longiscata (Bourguignat, 1856)
Belgrandiella edessana Schütt, 1993
Belgrandiella cavernica Boettger, 1957
Belgrandiella adsharica (Lindholm, 1913)
Sadleriana affinis (Frauenfeld, 1863)
Sadleriana byzanthina (Küster, 1852) - Sadleriana byzanthina byzanthina (Küster, 1852), Sadleriana byzanthina demirsoyii Yildirim & Morkoyunlu, 1997
Sadleriana fluminensis (Küster, 1852)
Sadleriana minuta (Naegele, 1903)
Islamia pseudorientalica Radoman, 1973
Islamia anatolica Radoman, 1973
Islamia bunarbasa (Schütt, 1964)
Lithoglyphidae

Lithoglyphus naticoides (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)

Bythinellidae

Bythinella anatolica Yıldırım, Kebapçı & Bahadır Koca 2015
Bythinella gokceadaensis Odabaşi, Odabaşi & Acar, 2019
Bythinella istanbulensis Yıldırım, Kebapçı & Yüce 2015
Bythinella kazdaghensis Odabaşı & Georgiev, 2014
Bythinella magdalenae Yıldırım, Kebapçı & Bahadır Koca 2015
Bythinella occasiuncula Boeters & Falkner, 2001
Bythinella opaca Gallenstein, 1848
Bythinella turca Radoman, 1976
Bythinella wilkei Yıldırım, Kebapçı & Bahadır Koca 2015
Bythinella yerlii Gürlek, 2017
Bythinella sp. A - an unidentified species from Istanbul sensu Yildirim (2006)
Assimineidae

Paludinella littorina (delle Chiaje, 1828)
Valvatidae

Valvata cristata O. F. Müller, 1774
Valvata saulcyi Bourguignat, 1853
Valvata macrostoma (Mörch, 1864)
Valvata piscinalis (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Borysthenia naticina (Menke, 1845)
(All species above this line are freshwater "Prosobranchia".)

Cochliopidae

Heleobia contempta (Dautzenberg, 1894) / Semisalsa contempta (Dautzenberg, 1894)
Heleobia longiscata (Bourguignat, 1856) / Semisalsa longiscata (Bourguignat, 1856)
Physidae

Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805)
Planorbidae

Anisus leucostoma (Millet, 1813)
Anisus spirorbis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Anisus vortex (Linnaeus, 1758)
Anisus vorticulus (Troschel, 1834)
Gyraulus albus (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Gyraulus euphraticus (Mousson, 1874)
Gyraulus laevis (Alder, 1838)
Gyraulus pamphylicus Glöer & Rähle, 2007
Gyraulus parvus (Say, 1817)
Gyraulus piscinarum (Bourguignat, 1852)
Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lymnaeidae

Galba truncatula (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Radix peregra (O. F. Müller, 1774) - synonym: Radix labiata (Rossmässler, 1835)
Ellobiidae

Myosotella myosotis (Draparmaud, 1801) - semi-marine




Land gastropods


Ellobiidae

Leucophytia bidentata (Montagu, 1808) - semi-marine species
Truncatellidae

Truncatella subcylindrica (Linnaeus, 1767)
Succineidae

Oxyloma elegans (Risso, 1826)
Pyramidulidae

Pyramidula cephalonica (Westerlund, 1898)
Pyramidula chorismenostoma (Westerlund & Blanc, 1879)
Pyramidula pusilla (Vallot, 1801)

Clausiliidae

175 species of Clausiliidae in Turkey. Turkey is home to 95% of the subfamily Mentissoideinae.
Albinaria caerulea maculata (Rossmässler, 1836)
Albinaria discolor (Pfeiffer, 1846)
Albinaria latelamellaris Neubert, Örstan & Welter-Schultes, 2000
Bulgarica denticulata (Olivier, 1801)
Bulgarica erberi (Frauenfeld, 1867)
Cotyorica nemethi Grego & Szekeres, 2017
Nothoserrulina subterranea Németh & Szekeres, 1995
Papillifera bidens (Linnaeus, 1758) - synonym: Papillifera papillaris (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Pontophaedusa funiculum (Mousson, 1856)
Pontophaedusella ofensis Nordsieck, 1994
Sprattia sowerbyana O. Boettger, 1883
Ferussaciidae

Cecilioides acicula (Müller, 1774)
Achatinidae

Rumina saharica Pallary, 1901
Pupillidae

Pupilla triplicata (Studer, 1820)
Lauriidae

Lauria cylindracea (Da Costa, 1778)
Orculidae

41 species of Orculidae in Turkey
Alvariella
Alvariella multiplicata Hausdorf 1996
Orcula
Orcula zilchi Urbański, 1960
Orculella
Orculella bulgarica bulgarica (P. Hesse 1915)
Orculella bulgarica lamellata Hausdorf, 1996
Orculella critica Hausdorf, 1996
Orculella garzanensis Schütt, 1996
Orculella? heterostropha commagenensis (Neubert, 1988)
Orculella? heterostropha heterostropha (O. Boettger, 1905)
Orculella ignorata Hausdorf, 1996
Orculella menkhorsti menkhorsti Hausdorf, 1996
Orculella menkhorsti sinistrorsa Hausdorf, 1996
Orculella mesopotamica mesopotamica (Mousson, 1874)
Orculella mesopotamica riedeli Hausdorf, 1996
Orculella orientalis (L. Pfeiffer 1861)
Orculella? palatalis (Pilsbry 1922)
Orculella pfeiferi Hausdorf 1996
Orculella ruderalis urartaeica Hausdorf 1996
Orculella sirianocoriensis libanotica (Tristram 1865)
Pagodulina hauseri E.Gittenberger, 1978
Pagodulina pisidica Schütt, 1993
Pagodulina sparsa Pilsbry, 1924
Pagodulina subdola (Gredler, 1856)
Pilorcula Germain, 1912
Pilorcula trifilaris anatolica Hausdorf, 1996
Pilorcula trifilaris longior Hausdorf, 1996
Schileykula
Schileykula aculeata E. Gittenberger & Menkhorst, 1993
Schileykula attilae Páll-Gergely, 2010
Schileykula batumensis (Retowski, 1889)
Schileykula inversa Schütt, 1993
Schileykula nordsiecki Hausdorf, 1996
Schileykula (?) robusta (Nägele, 1910)
Schileykula scyphus cilicica Hausdorf, 1996
Schileykula scyphus enteroplax (Pilsbry, 1922)
Schileykula scyphus erecta Hausdorf, 1996
Schileykula scyphus lycaonica Hausdorf, 1996
Schileykula scyphus scyphus (L. Pfeiffer, 1848)
Schileykula sigma Hausdorf, 1996
Schileykula trapezensis acampsis Hausdorf, 1996
Schileykula trapezensis contraria Neubert, 1993
Schileykula trapezensis neuberti Hausdorf, 1996
Schileykula trapezensis trapezensis (Stojaspal, 1981)
Sphyradium
Sphyradium doliolum (Bruguière, 1792)
Chondrinidae

Granopupa granum (Draparnaud, 1801)
Rupestrella rhodia (Roth, 1839)
Pleurodiscidae

Pleurodiscus balmei (Potiez & Michaud, 1838)
Truncatellinidae

Truncatellina callicratis (Scacchi, 1833)
Truncatellina cylindrica (A. Férussac, 1807)
Valloniidae

Vallonia pulchella (O. F. Müller, 1774)

Enidae

Enormous radiation of the family Enidae on the Macaronesian Islands: 115 species of Enidae in Turkey
Chondrula lycaonica (Sturany, 1904)
Chondrula orientalis (Pfeiffer, 1848)
Chondrula sturmii (Küster, 1852)
Chondrula werneri (Sturany, 1902)
Chondrus tournefortianus (Férussac, 1821)
Ena dazimonensis Hausdorf & Bank, 2001
Ena frivaldskyi (L. Pfeiffer, 1847)
Ena menkhorsti Hausdorf & Bank, 2001
Ena nogellii (Roth, 1850) - synonym: Buliminus ponticus Retowski, 1886
Imparietula ridvani Schütt, 1995
Jaminia loewii (Philippi, 1844)
Jaminia loewii godetiana (Kobelt, 1880)
Mastus rossmaessleri (Pfeiffer, 1847)
Meijeriella raynevaliana (Bourguignat, 1855)
Multidentula ovularis (Olivier, 1801)
Pseudojaminia seductilis (Rossmässler, 1837)
Zebrina (Rhabdoena) cosensis (Reeve, 1849)
Punctidae

Paralaoma servilis (Shuttleworth, 1852)
Punctum pygmaeum (Draparnaud, 1801)
Arionidae

Arion ater s.l.
Oxychilidae

45 species of Oxychilidae in Turkey
Mediterranea depressa (Sterki, 1880)
Mediterranea hydatina (Rossmässler, 1838)
Morlina moussoni (Kobelt, 1878)
Nastia viridula Riedel, 1989 - north-eastern Turkey
Oxychilus cyprius (Pfeiffer, 1847)
Oxychilus hydatinus (Rossmässler, 1838)
Schistophallus investigatus (A. Riedel, 1993)
Pristilomatidae

Vitrea contracta (Westerlund, 1871)
Vitrea pygmaea (Boettger, 1880)
Vitrea riedeli Damjanov et Pintér, 1969
Vitrea storchi Pintér, 1978
Zonitidae

Zonites algirus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Zonites smyrnensis (Roth, 1839)
Trigonochlamydidae

Drilolestes retowskii (O. Boettger, 1884)
Selenochlamys pallida O. Boettger, 1883
Trigonochlamys imitatrix O. Boettger, 1881
Milacidae

Tandonia budapestensis (Hazay, 1880)
Limacidae

Ambigolimax valentianus (A. Ferussac, 1822)
Agriolimacidae

Deroceras turcicum (Simroth, 1894)
Helicodontidae

Lindholmiola lens (Férussac, 1832)
Geomitridae

Cernuella virgata (Da Costa, 1778)
Microxeromagna lowei (Potiez et Michaud, 1838)
Trochoidea pyramidata (Draparnaud, 1805)
Trochoidea trochoides (Poiret, 1789)
Xeropicta krynickii (Krynicki, 1833)
Hygromiidae

Turkey has 112 species of Hygromiidae and it is strong for several endemic genera of Hygromiidae.
Harmozica occidentalis Hausdorf, 2004
Metafruticicola dedegoelensis Hausdorf, Gümüş & Yildirim, 2004
Metafruticicola oerstani Hausdorf, Gümüş & Yildirim, 2004
Metafruticicola pellita (A. Férussac, 1832)
Metafruticicola redtenbacheri (Pfeiffer, 1856)
Monacha claustralis (Menke, 1828)
Monacha gemina Hausdorf, 2000
Monacha georgievi Páll-Gergely, 2010
Monacha liebegottae (Hausdorf, 2000)
Monacha ocellata (Roth, 1839)
Monacha oecali Hausdorf & Páll-Gergely, 2009
Monacha phazimonitica Hausdorf, 2000
Monacha syriaca (Ehrenberg, 1831)
Monacha tibarenica Neiber & Hausdorf, 2017

Helicidae

Turkey has 52 species of the subfamily Helicinae.
Assyriella guttata (Olivier, 1804)
Cantareus apertus (Born, 1778)
Cryptomphalus aspersus (Müller, 1774)
Eobania vermiculata (Müller, 1774)
Helicigona matrella (Westerlund, 1898)
Helix asemnis Bourguignat, 1860
Helix cincta Müller, 1774
Helix figulina Rossmässler, 1839
Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758
Helix nucula Mousson, 1854
Helix pomacella Mousson, 1854
Trissexodontidae

Caracollina lenticula (Michaud, 1831)




Bivalves


Unionidae

Unio stevenianus Krynicki, 1837
Unio terminalis - Unio terminalis delicatus (Lea, 1863)
Sphaeriidae

Pisidium subtruncatum Malm, 1855
Dreissenidae

Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771)




See also


Lists of molluscs of surrounding countries:

List of non-marine molluscs of Bulgaria
List of non-marine molluscs of Greece
List of non-marine molluscs of Georgia (country)
List of non-marine molluscs of Armenia
List of non-marine molluscs of Azerbaijan
List of non-marine molluscs of Iran
List of non-marine molluscs of Iraq
List of non-marine molluscs of Syria
List of non-marine molluscs of Cyprus




References


This articles incorporates CC-BY-3.0 text from reference.




Further reading


(in German) Bank R. A. & Menkhorst H. P. M. G. (1994). "Katalog der rezenten Clausiliidae (exkl. Gattung Albinaria) der Türkei (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)". Deinsea 1: 85–122, Rotterdam.
Gümüş B. A. (2004). Taxonomic studies on the Clausiliidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) species distributed in Western Anatolia. PhD thesis, University of Süleyman Demirel, Isparta, Turkey.
Gümüş B. A. (2005). "The land snails (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae) of the ancient cities in the Marmara, the Ege (Aegean) and the Akdeniz (Mediterranean) regions of Turkey". The Archaeo+Malacology Group Newsletter 7: 1–4. http://triton.anu.edu.au/issue_7.htm
Gümüş B. A. (2010). The land snails of Kâhta, Adıyaman, Turkey (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata)". Munis Entomology & Zoology 5(1): 286-289. PDF.
Hausdorf B. (2000). "The genus Monacha in Turkey (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 128(1/2): 61–151, Frankfurt am Main.
Loosjes F. E. (1963). "Clausiliidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) collected by the Netherlands biological expedition to Turkey in 1959". Zoologische Mededelingen 38 (15): 243–260, pl. 18–20, Leiden.
Nemeth L. & Szekeres M. (1995). "The systematic position of some new and little-known species of Clausiliidae from Turkey (Mollusca, Stylommatophora)". Zoology in the Middle East 11: 93–108, Heidelberg.
Neubert E. (1992). "Descriptions of new taxa of the Clausiliidae from Turkey (Mollusca: Stylommatophora)". Zoology in the Middle East 7: 65–86, Heidelberg.
Neubert E. (1995). "Note on some genera of Clausiliidae from Turkey (Mollusca, Stylommatophora)". Zoology in the Middle East 11: 101–118, Heidelberg.
Neubert E. & Menkhorst H.P.M.G. (1994). "New taxa of Armenica (Mollusca, Stylommatophora, Clausiliidae) from Turkey". Zoology in the Middle East 10: 139–159, Heidelberg.
(in German) Nordsieck H. (1993). "Türkische Clausiliidae, I: Neue Arttaxa des Genus Albinaria Vest, 1867 in Süd-Anatolien (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie) 499: 1–31, Stuttgart.
(in German) Nordsieck H. (1994) "Türkische Clausiliidae, II: Neue Taxa der Unterfamilien Serrulininae und Mentissoideinae in Anatolien (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie) 513: 1–36, Stuttgart.
(in German) Nordsieck H. (2004) "Türkische Clausiliidae, III: Neue Arttaxa der Unterfamilien Alopiinae und Mentissoideinae aus Anatolien (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie) 670: 1–28, Stuttgart. PDF.
Örstan A., Yıldırım M. Z., Gümüş B.A. & Welter-Schultes F. (2005). "The land snails of the Bodrum". Mitteilungen der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 73/74: 1–15, Frankfurt am Main.
(in German) Riedel A. (1995). "Wenig bekannte und neue Zonitidae aus der Türkei (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". Malakologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden 17(10): 121–136, Dresden.
(in German) Riedel A. (1989). "Zonitidae (sensu lato) des Ostpontischen Gebirges in der Türkei (Gastropoda)". Ann. Zoologici 42: 363–424, Warszawa.
(in German) Schütt H. (1965). "Zur Systematik und Ökologie türkischer Süßwasserprosobranchier". Zoologische Mededelingen 41(3): 43-72, Plate 1. abstract, PDF.
(in German) Schütt H. (1993). Turkische Landschnecken. Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden.
Schütt H. (2005). Turkish land snails 1758–2005. 4th, revised and enlarged edition. Verlag Natur & Wissenschaft Solingen, 559 p.
Şeşen R. & Schütt H. (2005). "The clausilioid genus Idyla in Turkey (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Clausiliidae)". Club Conchylia Informationen 37(1/2): 3–5, Ludwigsburg.
(in German) Stojaspal F. (1986). "Ein Beitrag zur Molluskenfauna der Türkei". Mitteilungen der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 38: 11–20, Frankfurt am Main.
(in German) Sturany R. (1894). "Zur Molluskenfauna der europäischen Türkei. Annalen des k. k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums 9: 369–394. 3 tables.
Tillier S. P. & Mordan P. (1983). "The conchological collections of Bruguière and Olivier from the Ottoman Empire (1792–1798)". Journal of Conchology 31(3): 153–161, pl. 5–7. London.
Uit De Weerd D. R. & Gittenberger E. (2005). "Towards a monophyletic genus Albinaria (Gastropoda, Pulmonata): the first molecular study into the phylogenetic position of eastern Albinaria species". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143: 531–542, London.
Yıldırım M. Z., Kebapçı Ü. & Gümüş B. A. (2004). "Edible Snails (Terrestrial) of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 28: 329–335, Ankara.
about bivalves

Şereflişan H., Şereflişan M. & Soylu S. (2009). "Description of Glochidia of Three Species of Freshwater Mussels (Unionidae) from Southeastern Turkey". Malacologia 51(1): 165-172. doi:10.4002/040.051.0112.




External links


Turkey and Cyprus: list of species where we do not have pictures yet

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• List of non-marine molluscs of Turkey
• List of non-marine molluscs of Armenia
• List of non-marine molluscs of Iraq
• List of non-marine molluscs of Iran
• List of non-marine molluscs of Cyprus
• List of non-marine molluscs of Georgia
• List of non-marine molluscs of Lebanon
• List of non-marine molluscs of Bulgaria
• List of non-marine molluscs of Greece
• Orculella ignorata