• Source: List of pollution-related diseases

Diseases caused by pollution, lead to the chronic illness and deaths of about 8.4 million people each year. However, pollution receives a fraction of the interest from the global community. This is in part because pollution causes so many diseases that it is often difficult to draw a straight line between cause and effect.
There are many types of pollution-related diseases, including those caused by air pollution, contaminated soil, water pollution and lacking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Air pollution can be reduced.




Environmental diseases vs. pollution-related diseases


Environmental diseases are a direct result from the environment. This includes diseases caused by substance abuse, exposure to toxic chemicals, and physical factors in the environment, like UV radiation from the sun, as well as genetic predisposition. Meanwhile, pollution-related diseases are attributed to exposure to toxins in the air, water, and soil. Therefore, all pollution-related disease are environmental diseases, but not all environmental diseases are pollution-related diseases.




Air pollution diseases


According to the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution is linked to 7 million premature deaths (1 in 8 of total global deaths) in 2012. Here is a breakdown by the diseases air pollution causes:




= Outdoor air pollution

=
40% – ischaemic heart disease
40% – stroke
11% – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
6% - lung cancer
3% – acute lower respiratory infections in children




= Indoor air pollution

=
34% – stroke
26% – ischaemic heart disease
22% – COPD
12% – acute lower respiratory infections in children
6% – lung cancer




Water pollution


According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): "Waterborne diseases are caused by pathogenic microbes that can be directly spread through contaminated water. Most waterborne diseases cause diarrheal illness [Note: not all diseases listed below cause diarrhea]. Eighty-eight percent of diarrhea cases worldwide are linked to unsafe drinking water, inadequate sanitation or insufficient hygiene. These cases result in 1.5 million deaths each year, mostly in young children. The usual cause of death is dehydration. Most cases of diarrheal illness and death occur in developing countries because of unsafe water, poor sanitation, and insufficient hygiene. Other waterborne diseases do not cause diarrhea; instead these diseases can cause malnutrition, skin infections, and organ damage.




= Waterborne diseases

=

Amoebiasis
Buruli ulcer
Campylobacter
Cholera
Cryptosporidiosis
Cyclosporiasis
Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease)
Escherichia coli
Fascioliasis
Giardiasis
Hepatitis
Leptospirosis
Norovirus
Rotavirus
Salmonella
Schistosomiasis
Shigellosis
Typhoid fever




= Diseases related to lack of sanitation and hygiene

=

Dermatophytosis (ringworm)
Lymphatic filariasis
Scabies
Soil transmitted helminthiasis
Trachoma




= Vector-borne diseases

=
Arboviral encephalitis
Dengue fever
Malaria
Onchocerciasis
Rift Valley fever
Yellow fever




Toxins






= Lead

=
Sources of lead poisoning/pollution include paint (e.g. lead paint deterioration), petroleum products, mining, smelting, manufacturing and recycling activities (e.g. battery recycling).

Cardiovascular disease
Cerebrovascular disease
Chronic Kidney disease
Hemorrhagic stroke
Hypertensive heart disorder
Ischemic heart disease
Ischemic stroke
Neurological impairment




= Arsenic

=
Arsenic is a naturally occurring element and can be found in food, water, or air. There are also industrial sources of arsenic, including mining and smelting. "People are exposed to elevated levels of inorganic arsenic through drinking contaminated water, using contaminated water in food preparation and irrigation of food crops, industrial processes, eating contaminated food and smoking tobacco. Long-term exposure to inorganic arsenic... can lead to chronic arsenic poisoning. Skin lesions and skin cancer are the most characteristic effects."

Arsenicosis
Cancers (lung, bladder, and skin)
Cardiovascular disease
Chronic kidney disease
Neurobehavioral impairment




= Mercury

=
Acrodynia
Arthritis
Cerebellar ataxia
Dysarthria
Kidney and autoimmune dysfunction
Minamata disease
Neurological damage
Respiratory failure




References

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• Air leding
• Kanker paru-paru
• Selenium
• Asma
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• Raksa
• List of pollution-related diseases
• Lists of diseases
• Air pollution
• Pollution
• List of causes of death by rate
• Diseases of poverty
• List of fictional diseases
• Waterborne disease
• Brain health and pollution
• Air pollution in India