- Source: List of pteridophytes of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka is a tropical island situated close to the southern tip of India. The invertebrate fauna is as large as it is common to other regions of the world. There are about 2 million species of arthropods found in the world, and more are still being discovered to this day. This makes it very complicated and difficult to summarize the exact number of species found within a certain region.
This is a list of the pteridophytes found from Sri Lanka.
Pteridophytes
Pteridophytes are vascular plants which reproduce by spores. These free sporing vascular plants show a remarkable life cycle with independent gametophyte and sporophyte generations. Pteridophytes are composed of ferns and lycophytes. Ferns consist of stems, leaves and roots. The stem is usually referred to as rhizome, which is sometimes underground in nature. Most species show stolons and few are with semi-woody trunks. Leaves are referred to as a frond. New leaves typically expand by the unrolling of a tight spiral, the phenomenon known as circinate vernation. There are about 10,560 known species of ferns in the world.
Lycopods are belong to the division Lycopodiophyta, and some are homosporous while others are heterosporous. They differ from ferns due to presence of microphylls, which are the leaves that have only a single vascular trace. There are two extant classes of lycopods, which contains a total of 12 genera and 1290 known species.
The earliest notes on pteridophyte diversity of Sri Lanka dated back to 1887 with Baker's Handbook to the Fern Allies and then in 1892 with Beddome's Handbook to the Ferns of British India, Ceylon, and the Malay Peninsula. In 1947, Copeland adopted a taxonomical system to describe modern taxa of pteridophytes of Sri Lanka. Based on these publications, Prof. R.N. de Fonseka and Mr. M.A.B Jansen prepared the checklist of the pteidophytes of Sri Lanka in 1978. Since then, many experiments and research were carried out about particular families which are important to economy.
The following article is based on the checklist by Fonseka and Jansen in 1978.
Division Pteridophyta
= Class Equisetopsida
=Order Equisetales
= Family Equisetaceae - Horsetails =
Equisetum debile
= Class Marattiopsida
=Order Marattiales
= Family Marattiaceae =
Angiopteris evecta
Marattia fraxinea
Order Ophioglossales
= Family Ophioglossaceae - Adder's-tongue ferns =
Botrychium daucifolium
Botrychium lanuginosum
Helminthostachys zeylanica
Ophioglossum gramineum
Ophioglossum pedunculosum
Ophioglossum pendulum
Ophioglossum petiolatum
Ophioglossum reticulatum
= Class Polypodiopsida
=Order Cyatheales
= Family Cyatheaceae - Scaly tree ferns =
Cyathea crinita
Cyathea gigantea
Cyathea hookeri
Cyathea sinuata
Cyathea srilankensis
Cyathea walkerae
Order Gleicheniales
= Family Gleicheniaceae - Forked ferns =
Dicranopteris linearis
Order Hymenophyllales
= Family Hymenophyllaceae - Bristle ferns =
Order Osmundales
= Family Osmundaceae - Flowering ferns =
Osmunda javanica
Order Polypodiales
= Family Athyriaceae =
= Family Aspleniaceae - Spleenworts =
= Family Blechnaceae =
Blechnum occidentale
Blechnum orientale
Blechnum patersonii
Doodia dives
Stenochlaena aculeata
Stenochlaena palustris
= Family Cystopteridaceae =
Cystopteris fragilis
Cystopteris tenuiseta
= Family Davalliaceae =
Araiostegia hymenophylloides
Araiostegia pulchra
Davallia denticulata
Davallia trichomanoides
Humata repens
Humata vestita
= Family Dennstaedtiaceae =
Dennstaedtia scabra
Histiopteris incisa
Hypolepis punctata
Microlepia firma
Microlepia majuscula
Microlepia platyphylla
Microlepia speluncae
Microlepia strigosa
Microlepia trapeziformis
Pteridium aquilinum
= Family Diplaziopsidaceae =
Diplaziopsis javanica
= Family Dryopteridaceae - Wood ferns =
= Family Hypodematiaceae =
Hypodematium crenatum
= Family Lindsaeaceae =
Lindsaea caudata
Lindsaea cultrata
Lindsaea decomposita
Lindsaea ensifolia
Lindsaea heterophylla
Lindsaea macraeana
Lindsaea lancea
Lindsaea orbiculata
Lindsaea tenera
Lindsaea walkerae - syn. Isoloma walkerae
Sphenomeris chusana
= Family Nephrolepidaceae - Swordferns =
Nephrolepis biserrata
Nephrolepis cordifolia
Nephrolepis exaltata
Nephrolepis falcata
Nephrolepis hirsutula
= Family Oleandraceae =
Oleandra musifolia
= Family Polypodiaceae - Polypod ferns =
= Family Pteridaceae =
= Family Tectariaceae =
Arthropteris obliterata
Pteridrys syrmatica
Pteridrys zeylanica
Tectaria coadunata
Tectaria decurrens
Tectaria devexa
Tectaria paradoxa
Tectaria polymorpha
Tectaria subtriphylla
Tectaria thwaitesii
Tectaria trimenii
Tectaria zeilanica
= Family Thelypteridaceae =
Order Salviniales
= Family Marsileaceae Pepperworts =
Marsilea minuta
Marsilea quadrifolia
= Family Salviniaceae - Salvinias =
Azolla pinnata
Salvinia molesta
Order Schizaeales
= Family Lygodiaceae - Climbing ferns =
Lygodium circinnatum
Lygodium flexuosum
Lygodium japonicum
Lygodium microphyllum
= Family Schizaeaceae =
Schizaea dichotoma
Schizaea digitata
= Class Psilotopsida
=Order Psilotales
= Family Psilotaceae - Whisk ferns =
Psilotum nudum
Division Lycopodiophyta
= Class Isoetopsida
=Order Selaginellales
= Family Selaginellaceae - Spike mosses =
Selaginella brachystachya
Selaginella calostachya
Selaginella ciliaris
Selaginella cochleata
Selaginella crassipes
Selaginella intermedia
Selaginella involvens
Selaginella ornithopodioides
Selaginella praetermissa
Selaginella tenera
Selaginella wightii
Order Isoetales
= Family Isoetaceae - Quillworts =
Isoetes coromandeliana
= Class Lycopodiopsida
=Order Lycopodiales
= Family Lycopodiaceae - Clubmosses =
Lycopodium carolinianum
Lycopodium cernuum
Lycopodium ceylanicum
Lycopodium clavatum
Lycopodium complnataum
Lycopodium hamiltonii
Lycopodium phlegmaria
Lycopodium pulcherrimum
Lycopodium squarrosum
Lycopodium serratum
Lycopodium wightianum
References
External links
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- List of pteridophytes of Sri Lanka
- List of birds of Sri Lanka
- List of national parks of Sri Lanka
- List of reptiles of Sri Lanka
- List of common commercial fish of Sri Lanka
- Wildlife of Sri Lanka
- List of mammals of Sri Lanka
- Protected areas of Sri Lanka
- List of Odonata species of Sri Lanka
- List of endemic mammals of Sri Lanka
