• Source: List of U.S. biological weapons topics

      • The United States had an offensive biological weapons program from 1943 until 1969. Today, the nation is a member of the Biological Weapons Convention and has renounced biological warfare.


      Agencies and organizations




      = Military and government agencies and schools

      =
      United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (USBWL)
      United States Army Chemical Corps
      War Bureau of Consultants
      War Research Service


      = Biological weapons program locations

      =
      United States biological weapons program
      Dugway Proving Ground
      Granite Peak Range
      Edgewood Arsenal
      Fort Detrick and the U.S. Army Biological Warfare Laboratories
      Building 470
      One-Million-Liter Test Sphere
      Fort Douglas, Utah
      Deseret Test Center
      Fort Terry/Plum Island Animal Disease Center
      Building 101
      Building 257
      Horn Island Testing Station
      Pine Bluff Arsenal
      Rocky Mountain Arsenal
      Vigo Ordnance Plant


      Treaties, laws and policies


      Biological Weapons Convention
      Geneva Protocol
      Statement on Chemical and Biological Defense Policies and Programs


      Weapons




      = Canceled weapons

      =
      E77 balloon bomb
      E99 bomblet
      Flettner rotor, an experimental biological cluster bomb sub-munition
      Project St. Jo
      SPD Mk I, 4 lb. World War II-era biological bomb


      = Other weapons

      =
      20 mm particulate projectile
      E120 bomblet
      [50 lb. cluster bomb, held 544 bomblets
      E14 munition, sub-munition for E86 cluster bomb
      E23 munition, sub-munition for E77 cluster bomb
      E48 particulate bomb (E48R2), sub-munition for E96 cluster
      E61 bomb (E61R4)
      E86 cluster bomb
      E95 bomblet
      E96 cluster bomb
      M114 bomb, 4 lb. biological anti-personnel bomb, sub-munition for the M33 cluster bomb
      M115 bomb, a 500 lb. anti-crop bomb
      M143 bomblet
      M33 cluster bomb
      SUU-24/A dispenser


      = Weaponized biological agents

      =
      anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis
      Ames strain
      tularemia, caused by Francisella tularensis
      brucellosis, caused by Brucella suis
      Q-fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii
      botulism
      Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB), toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus, used as an incapacitating agent
      Stem rust, both wheat and rye stem rust, fungal anticrop agent
      Rice blast, fungal anticrop agent


      = Researched biological agents

      =
      Argentinian hemorrhagic fever (AHF)
      Bird flu
      Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (BHF)
      Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)
      Dengue fever
      Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)
      Hantavirus
      Lassa fever
      Late blight of potato
      glanders
      melioidosis
      Newcastle disease
      Plague
      Psittacosis
      Smallpox
      Ricin (technically a chemical weapon)
      Rift Valley fever (RVF)
      Rinderpest
      Typhus
      Western equine encephalitis (WEE)
      Yellow fever


      Operations and exercises


      Edgewood Arsenal experiments
      Operation Big Buzz
      Operation Big Itch
      Operation Blue Skies
      Operation Dark Winter
      Operation Dew
      Operation Drop Kick
      Operation LAC
      Operation Magic Sword
      Operation May Day
      Operation Polka Dot
      Operation Top Off
      Operation Whitecoat
      Project 112
      Project Bacchus
      Project Clear Vision
      Project Jefferson


      Biological attacks


      1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack
      1989 California medfly attack
      2001 anthrax attacks
      2003 ricin letters


      See also


      List of U.S. chemical weapons topics
      United States and weapons of mass destruction


      References


      "Chemical and Biological Weapons: Possession and Programs Past and Present", James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Middlebury College, April 9, 2002, accessed November 12, 2008.
      "Biological Weapons", Federation of American Scientists, updated October 19, 1998, accessed November 12, 2008.
      Croddy, Eric C. and Hart, C. Perez-Armendariz J., Chemical and Biological Warfare, (Google Books), Springer, 2002, pp. 30–31, (ISBN 0387950761).
      Kirby, Reid. "The CB Battlefield Legacy: Understanding the Potential Problem of Clustered CB Weapons", Army Chemical Review, pp. 25–29, July–December 2006, accessed November 12, 2008.
      Kirby, Reid. "The Evolving Role of Biological Weapons", Army Chemical Review, pp. 22–26, July–December 2007, accessed November 12, 2008.

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