• Source: List of wars by death toll

This list of wars by death toll includes all deaths that are either directly or indirectly caused by war. These numbers include the deaths of military personnel which are the direct results of a battle or other military wartime actions, as well as wartime/war-related deaths of civilians which are often results of war-induced epidemics, famines, genocide, etc. Due to incomplete records, the destruction of evidence, differing methods of counting, and various other reasons, death tolls of wars have often been quite uncertain, and heavily debated.
While the definition of war isn't entirely clear-cut, there is a general understanding of what it is. Merriam-Webster defines war as "a state of usually open and declared armed hostile conflict between states or nations", Oxford English Dictionary defines war as "hostile contention by means of armed forces, carried on between nations, states, or rulers, or between parties in the same nation or state; the employment of armed forces against a foreign power, or against an opposing party in the state", and Encyclopædia Britannica defines war as "a conflict between political groups involving hostilities of considerable duration and magnitude".
This list excludes mass killings and atrocities not explicitly classified as genocides, as well as genocides occurring outside of wartime, human sacrifices, ethnic cleansing operations, and acts of state terrorism or political repression during peacetime.




List






Charts and graphs






See also


Casualty recording
Timeline of wars
List of battles by casualties
List of number of conflicts per year
Lists of wars
List of ongoing armed conflicts
List of genocides
List of sovereign states by refugee population
List of ethnic cleansing campaigns
Genocides in history
Genocide
Massacre
Casualty
War crime
Ethnic cleansing




Notes






References






Further reading


Steven Pinker (2011). The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. Penguin Books. ISBN 1101544643. pp. 832. (see also: 2016 update)
Levy, Jack S. (1983). War in the Modern Great Power System: 1495-1975. University Press of Kentucky, USA. ISBN 081316365X.




External links


An Interactive map of all the battles fought around the world in the last 4,000 years
Information on 1,500 conflicts since 1800
Max Roser: 'War and Peace'. (2016). Published online at OurWorldInData.org.

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