• Source: Luther Monument

A Luther Monument (German: Lutherdenkmal) is a monument dedicated to the reformer Martin Luther. The oldest one from 1821 is in Wittenberg. The largest one, the Luther Monument in Worms, was unveiled in 1868 as a composition of several statues, designed by Ernst Rietschel. Several monuments in the United States use a copy of Rietschel's main statue, including the Luther Monument in Washington, D.C., from 1884.




History


Monuments for Luther were mainly erected in the second half of the 19th century. In several German towns, the served as memorials for the Reformation which Luther initiated. They often connect to events in the reformer's life, sometimes a visit in the town. The oldest full-size monument is the Luther Monument in Wittenberg, which was at the same time the first public full-size monument for a person who was not noble. It was designed by Johann Gottfried Schadow and unveiled in 1821.
The largest monument was designed by Ernst Rietschel, and unveiled in Worms in 1868. Several statues with Luther in the centre are arranged in the shape of a castle, reminiscent of Luther's hymn "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott" ("A Mighty Fortress Is Our God"). It influenced the design of other monuments. The central figure was copied several times, including seven replicas in the United States.




Monuments in Europe



in Annaberg-Buchholz (1883)
in Aš, Bohemia (1883)
Luther Monument in Bad Schandau (1817)
on the Friedhof der Dorotheenstädtischen und Friedrichswerderschen Gemeinden in Berlin (1909), copy of the Wittenberg monument
Luther Monument at the Marienkirche in Berlin (1895) by Paul Otto and Robert Toberentz
Luther Monument in Bielsko-Biała, Poland (1900) at the Lutherkirche, by Franz Vogl
in Coburg (1883) in the Lutherschule, probably after Rietschel
in Cottbus (1911) in front of the Niedersorbisches Gymnasium, by Heinrich Goetschmann
in Dresden (1885) at the Frauenkirche, by Adolf von Donndorf after Rietschel
in Elze (1883)
Luther Monument in Eisenach (1885) by Adolf von Donndorf
in Eisleben (1883) on the market square, by Rudolf Siemering
Luther Monument in Erfurt (1889), by Fritz Schaper
in Hamburg (1912) at the Micheliskirche, by Otto Lessing
Luther Monument in Hanover (1900) at the Marktkirche, by Carl Dopmeyer, completed by Ferdinand Hartzer
in Kirchberg (1908) in the Lutherpark, copy after Rietschel
Luther Monument in Magdeburg (1886) in front of the Johanniskirche, by Emil Hundrieser
Luther Monument in Möhra (1861) by Ferdinand Müller
Luther Monument on Norderney (1883), by Bernhard Högl
in Nürnberg at the St. Sebald, with Phillipp Melanchthon
in Speyer (1903) at the Gedächtniskirche der Protestation, by Hermann Hahn
Luther Monument near Steinbach (Bad Liebenstein) (1857)
in Uelzen (1883) after Rietschel
in Wennigsen (Deister), Lower Saxony (1960), copy of Springfield, Illinois
Lutherdenkmal in Wittenberg (1821) on the market square, by Johann Gottfried Schadow
Luther Monument in Worms (1868), by Ernst Rietschel




Monuments in other continents



in Nova Friburgo, Brazil (2004) by Otavio Teixeira M. Neto
in Santiago de Chile, Chile (2002) by Serena Piacentini, first Luther Monument in Spanish-speaking Latin America
in front of the Lutherkirche in Copenhagen, Dänemark (1983) by Rikard Magnussen
Luther Monument in Keila, Estonia (1862–1949)
in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (1987) on the Augustana Campus of the University of Alberta, by Danek Mozdzenski
in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. (1936) by Hans Schuler
in Clayton, Missouri, U.S. (1904) on the campus of the Concordia Seminary, copy after Rietschel
Martin Luther at Worms in Decorah, Iowa, U.S. (1911) on the campus of the Luther College, copy after Rietschel
in Dubuque, Iowa, U.S. (1921) on the campus of the Wartburg Theological Seminary, copy after Rietschel
in Fort Wayne, Indiana, U.S. (1957) on the campus of the Concordia Theological Seminary, by Friedrich Adolf Sötebier
in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, U.S. (1947) on the campus of the Lutheran Theological Seminary, by Hans Schuler
Luther at 38 in Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. (1960) in front of the First Lutheran Church, copy after the one in Fort Wayne
in Mount Clemens, Michigan, U. S. (1930) at the Cadillac Memorial Gardens, copy after Rietschel
in Seguin, Texas, U.S. (1976) on the campus of the Texas Lutheran College, by Elmer Petersen
Martin Luther the Teacher, Martin Luther the Musician in Springfield, Ohio, U.S. (1956) on the Campus of the Wittenberg University, by A. Regis Milione
in St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S. (1921) on the campus of the Concordia College, copy after Rietschel
in Austin. Texas. U.S. (2000) on the campus of Concordia University Texas, by Eloiese Krabbenhoft, Professor at Texas State University, San Marcus, Texas. Using measurements and Cranach portraits from the Wittenberg Luther Museum's curator, Martin Treu, Krabbenhoeft employed forensic technology to create a Luther from 1501, the age of an entering freshman at Concordia.
in Streator, Illinois, U.S. (1935) in the Hillcrest Memorial Park, copy after Rietschel
Luther Monument in Washington, D.C., U.S. (1884), copy after Rietschel
in New Ulm, Minnesota at Martin Luther College
in Mequon, Wisconsin at Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary
in Mequon, Wisconsin at Concordia University Wisconsin




References






Literature


Otto Kammer: Reformationsdenkmäler des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts: Eine Bestandsaufnahme. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-374-02188-3.
Christiane Theiselmann: Das Wormser Lutherdenkmal Ernst Rietschels (1856–1868) im Rahmen der Lutherrezeption des 19. Jahrhunderts. Europäische Hochschulschriften, Frankfurt am Main 1992, ISBN 3-631-44332-3.
Familienblatt der Lutheriden-Vereinigung, 3. Band, Heft 5, 13. Jahrgang, Februar 1939. Digitalisat (PDF).




External links


Media related to Statues of Martin Luther at Wikimedia Commons

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