• Source: Marriage (play)

      • Marriage (Russian: «Женитьба», Zhenit'ba) is a two-act play by the Russian writer Nikolai Gogol, which was written in 1832 and first published in 1842.


      Plot summary


      In the opening scene, a civil servant named Ivan Kuzmich Podkolyosin sits alone in his room smoking a pipe and contemplating marriage. He has hired a matchmaker (Fyokla Ivanovna), as was the custom in Russia at the time, to help find him a bride. As the two converse, the audience discovers that Podkolyosin has been in search of a bride for quite some time. The reason for his not being yet married, however, owes to his own indecisiveness rather than the lack of a suitable partner. In fact, Fyokla has found him a nice young woman named Agafya Tikhonovna.
      When Podkolyosin's friend Kochkaryov unexpectedly pays a visit and finds Fyokla at Podkolyosin's home, he learns for the first time of his friend's search for a bride. The fact that Podkolyosin has not mentioned it to his friend provides further proof of his indecision. Kochkaryov becomes outraged at Fyokla because she also married him, and his wife and he are unhappy with the marriage. Kochkaryov, after cleverly getting Fyokla to reveal the location of Agafya's home, informs Fyokla that her services are no longer needed and that he will proceed with the matter on his own.
      In the next scene, Agafya and her aunt, Arina, discuss the issue of marriage and the matchmaker walks in on them. She informs the two women that several suitors will soon be making appearances at the home. Presumably, Fyokla has just made the rounds of the town in hopes of beating out Kochkaryov and Podkolyosin, as she will not receive any money if the marriage should occur without her help.
      Besides Kochkaryov and Podkolyosin, three suitors arrive. The first is Yaichnitsa (which can mean either 'fried eggs' or 'omelet'). Yaichnitsa is overly concerned with the dowry and appears skeptical as to whether Fyokla has told him the truth about it. The second suitor, Anuchkin is a man of refinement and wants a bride who speaks French, a language fashionable among the upper classes, even though he doesn't speak the language himself. The third, Zhevakin, a retired navy lieutenant, has a detailed story about the time his squadron spent in Sicily, where, amazingly enough, no one speaks Russian. He is often mesmerized by female beauty. At this point, Podkolyosin and Kochkaryov arrive and everyone sits down to chat. Yaichnitsa almost immediately demands that Agafya make a decision, which makes her so uncomfortable that she leaves the room.
      All of the suitors wonder what happened. Once they are alone Kochkaryov tries to scare off the other suitors by calling Agafya ugly, unable to speak French and her dowry worthless. Kochkaryov later pays Agafya a visit in her room and convinces her to choose Podkolyosin over the others (she herself was indecisive about who she liked best). The other suitors all come back and Agafya and Kochkaryov together tell them off until only Podkolyosin remains. After a great deal of pushing on the part of Kochkaryov, the two become engaged. Actually, Kochkaryov had to propose because Podkolyosin was still indecisive and wanted to wait another month before proposing.
      Kochkaryov insists that the wedding must take place immediately as he has already ordered all of the food and the guests are waiting at the church. The bride and groom begin to get dressed and Podkolyosin muses to himself about the splendor of marriage. However, he soon changes his mind again and jumps out the window. After only a short while, Agafya wonders where he has gone. Everyone searches for him, and eventually they discover that he has escaped through the window and called a cab to take him home. The play ends with Fyokla scolding Kochkaryov for his sub-par matchmaking skills. If the grooms escapes through the door the wedding can still be put back on track, she says, but if he jumps out the window it is all over.


      Editions and translations


      Marriage has been translated into many other languages. Abdulla Qahhor translated the play into Uzbek.

      Nikolai Gogol: Three Plays
      Includes: The Government Inspector; Marriage; The Gamblers
      Translated by Stephen Mulrine
      Publication Date: August 1999
      ISBN 0-413-73340-8
      Pages: 240
      Binding: Paperback
      Format/Size: 178x111mm
      Methuen Publishing Ltd
      11-12 Buckingham Gate, London, SW1E 6LB


      References to Marriage in other works


      In the novel Twelve Chairs by Ilf and Petrov, a theatre group performs an avant-garde production of The Marriage.
      The character of Podkolyosin is mentioned in Dostoevsky's novel The Idiot.
      The episode of Podkolyosin jumping out of the window is mentioned by Chirikov in Part 5, chapter 2 of Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina.


      See also


      Zhenitba, an opera by Modest Mussorgsky
      The Marriage, an opera by Bohuslav Martinů

    • Source: Marriage Play

      • Marriage Play is a drama for two actors by Edward Albee. The play premiered at Vienna's English Theatre in 1987.


      Productions


      Marriage Play had its world premiere at Vienna's English Theatre, Vienna, Austria on May 17, 1987. The play was commissioned by the English Theatre. The cast was Kathleen Butler (Gillian) and Tom Klunis (Jack).

      Marriage Play had its United States premiere at the Alley Theatre, Houston, Texas, on January 8, 1992, in a co-production with the McCarter Theatre, Princeton, New Jersey.
      The play premiered on the East Coast at the McCarter Theatre in February 1992. Directed by Albee, the cast was Tom Klunis (Jack) and Shirley Knight (Gillian).
      Marriage Play was produced Off-Broadway by the Signature Theatre Company, running from October 1, 1993, to October 31, 1993. Directed by James Houghton, the cast was Kathleen Butler (Gillian) and Tom Klunis (Jack).
      The play was produced in London at the National Theatre, Cottesloe Theatre, in a double bill with Finding the Sun, in May 2001. The cast was Bill Paterson and Sheila Gish, with the setting in Richmond, Surrey.
      Cesear's Forum, Cleveland's minimalist theatre company, presented the play at Playhouse Square in an April/May 2009 production with Dana Hart and Julia Kolibab.


      Overview


      The play opens with a blow. Jack informs his wife that, after thirty years of marriage, he intends to leave. Gillian does not react as he would expect; therefore he enters three times more. Gillian's answers make him angry. Finally Jack collapses on a chair. After expressing his frustration and insecurity, he learns that Gillian keeps critical notes on their lovemaking; he becomes even more paralyzed.
      Gillian and Jack, like George and Martha in Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, play ritual games to express and contain their sense of life-disappointment. In the middle of the play, the couple starts fighting with each other, clawing, punching and biting, even after they fall on the floor.
      Exhausted by the fighting, they start to talk about the memorable times in their life. However, Gillian is determined to return to the previous insults and tells Jack he is not the only one who was unfaithful to his partner.


      Critical response


      The reviewer for the Phoenix New Times wrote of a 2008 production directed by Kathleen Butler (the original Gillian): "'Marriage Play' is essentially a far less sophisticated update on Albee's George and Martha, the historically high-strung hotheads of his 'Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?' Like George and Martha, Jack and Gillian... are disappointed in their post-middle-age lives. Also like George and Martha, they don't speak to one another; they bellow. They don't communicate; they play-act, staging and restaging the same scene (in which Jack attempts to abandon his wife) until they (and we) are happily exhausted... Butler's directorial stamp is all over this, and her deep knowledge of Albee's work allows us to hear clearly his peculiar rhythms, to see how he — and the people in this marriage play — envisions life as an act in an often-dreary theatrical story."


      References

    Kata Kunci Pencarian: