• Source: Miwok languages

The Miwok or Miwokan languages (; North Sierra Miwok: [míwːɨːk]), also known as Moquelumnan or Miwuk, are a group of endangered languages spoken in central California by the Miwok peoples, ranging from the Bay Area to the Sierra Nevada. There are seven Miwok languages, four of which have distinct regional dialects. There are a few dozen speakers of the three Sierra Miwok languages, and in 1994 there were two speakers of Lake Miwok. The best attested language is Southern Sierra Miwok, from which the name Yosemite originates. The name Miwok comes from the Northern Sierra Miwok word miw·yk meaning 'people.'




Languages


Language family by Mithun (1999):
Eastern Miwok
Plains Miwok †
Bay Miwok (a.k.a. Saclan) †
Sierra Miwok
Northern Sierra Miwok (†) (Camanche, Fiddletown, Ione, and West Point dialects)
Central Sierra Miwok (nearly extinct) (East Central and West Central dialects)
Southern Sierra Miwok (nearly extinct) (Yosemite, Mariposa, and Southern dialects)
Western Miwok
Coast Miwok † (Bodega and Marin dialects)
Lake Miwok †




Proto-language


Reconstructions of Proto-Miwok plant and animal names by Callaghan (2014):




References






Further reading


Berman, Howard. 1982. Freeland's Central Sierra Miwok Myths. Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Report #3.
Broadbent, Sylvia M., and Callaghan, Catherine A. 1960. "Comparative Miwok: A Preliminary Survey". International Journal of American Linguistics, vol. 26, no. 4: 301–316.
Broadbent, Sylvia M. 1964. The Southern Sierra Miwok Language. Publications in Linguistics (Vol. 38). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Broadbent, Sylvia M., and Pitkin, Harvey. 1964. "A Comparison of Miwok and Wintun." In Studies in Californian Linguistics, ed. W. Bright, 19–45. University of California Publications in Linguistics, vol. 34. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Callaghan, Catherine A. 1965. Lake Miwok Dictionary. University of California Press.
Callaghan, Catherine A. 1970. Bodega Miwok Dictionary. Publications in Linguistics 60. University of California Press.
Callaghan, Catherine A. 1984. Plains Miwok Dictionary. Publications in Linguistics 105. University of California Press.
Callaghan, Catherine A. 1987. Northern Sierra Miwok Dictionary. Publications in Linguistics 110. University of California Press.
Freeland, Lucy S. 1947. "Western Miwok Texts with Linguistic Sketch". International Journal of American Linguistics 13:31-46.
Freeland, Lucy Shepherd. 1951. Language of the Sierra Miwok. Waverly Press.
Freeland, Lucy Shepherd and Broadbent, Sylvia M. 1960. Central Sierra Miwok Dictionary with Texts. University of California Press.
Keeling, Richard. 1985. "Ethnographic Field Recordings at Lowie Museum of Anthropology". Robert H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley. v. 2. North-Central California: Pomo, Wintun, Nomlaki, Patwin, Coast Miwok, and Lake Miwok Indians.
Sloan, Kelly Dawn. 1991. Syllables and Templates: Evidence from Southern Sierra Miwok. Ph.D. thesis. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT. hdl:1721.1/13166. OCLC 1138916466.




External links


Miwok language keyboards at Languagegeek

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Bahasa Pomo Timur
• Bahasa di Amerika Serikat
• California
• Glottolog
• Miwok languages
• Miwok
• Utian languages
• Plains and Sierra Miwok
• Coast Miwok
• Ohlone languages
• Bay Miwok
• Coast Miwok language
• Bay Miwok language
• Lake Miwok language