• Source: Model-based definition

Model-based definition (MBD), sometimes called digital product definition (DPD), is the practice of using 3D models (such as solid models, 3D PMI and associated metadata) within 3D CAD software to define (provide specifications for) individual components and product assemblies. The types of information included are geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T), component level materials, assembly level bills of materials, engineering configurations, design intent, etc. By contrast, other methodologies have historically required accompanying use of 2D engineering drawings to provide such details.




Use of the 3D digital data set


Modern 3D CAD applications allow for the insertion of engineering information such as dimensions, GD&T, notes and other product details within the 3D digital data set for components and assemblies. MBD uses such capabilities to establish the 3D digital data set as the source of these specifications and design authority for the product. The 3D digital data set may contain enough information to manufacture and inspect product without the need for engineering drawings. Engineering drawings have traditionally contained such information.
In many instances, use of some information from 3D digital data set (e.g., the solid model) allows for rapid prototyping of product via various processes, such as 3D printing. A manufacturer may be able to feed 3D digital data directly to manufacturing devices such as CNC machines to manufacture the final product.




Limited Dimension Drawing


Limited Dimension Drawing (LDD), sometimes Reduced Dimension Drawing, are 2D drawings that only contain critical information, noting that all missing information is to be taken from an associated 3D model. For companies in transition to MBD from traditional 2D documentation a Limited Dimension Drawing allows for referencing 3D geometry while retaining a 2D drawing that can be used in existing corporate procedures. Only limited information is placed on the 2D drawing and then a note is placed to notify manufactures they must build off the 3D model for any dimensions not found on the 2D drawing.




Standardization


In 2003, ASME published the ASME Y14.41 Digital Product Definition Data Practices, which was revised in 2012 and again in 2019. The standard provides for the use of many MBD aspects, such as GD&T display and other annotation behaviors within 3D modelling environment. ISO 16792 standardizes MBD within the ISO standards, sharing many similarities with the ASME standard. Other standards, such as ISO 1101 and of AS9100 also make use of MBD.
In 2013, the United States Department of Defense released MIL-STD-31000 Revision A to codify the use of MBD as a requirement for technical data packages (TDP).




See also


ASME Y14.41
CAD standards




References






External links


Model-centric Design, Design World, 2008
Patel, Nikunj (February 2, 2016). "The Argument Against Model-Based Definition". Design News.
Ruemler, Shawn P; Zimmerman, Kyle E; Hartman, Nathan W; Hedberg, Thomas; Barnard Feeny, Allison (2016). "Promoting Model-Based Definition to Establish a Complete Product Definition". Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering. 139 (5): 051008. doi:10.1115/1.4034625. PMC 5215895. PMID 28070155.
Quintana, Virgilio; Rivest, Louis; Pellerin, Robert; Venne, Frédérick; Kheddouci, Fawzi (2010). "Will Model-based Definition replace engineering drawings throughout the product lifecycle? A global perspective from aerospace industry". Computers in Industry. 61 (5): 497–508. doi:10.1016/j.compind.2010.01.005.
Miller, Alexander Mcdermott; Alvarez, Ramon; Hartman, Nathan (2018). "Towards an extended model-based definition for the digital twin". Computer-Aided Design and Applications. 15 (6): 880–91. doi:10.1080/16864360.2018.1462569.
Zhu, Wenhua; Bricogne, Matthieu; Durupt, Alexandre; Remy, Sébastien; Li, Baorui; Eynard, Benoit (2016). "Implementations of Model Based Definition and Product Lifecycle Management Technologies: A Case Study in Chinese Aeronautical Industry". IFAC-PapersOnLine. 49 (12): 485–90. doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.664.
Miller, Alexander Mcdermott; Hartman, Nathan W; Hedberg, Thomas; Barnard Feeney, Allison; Zahner, Jesse (2017). "Towards Identifying the Elements of a Minimum Information Model for Use in a Model-Based Definition". Volume 3: Manufacturing Equipment and Systems. V003T04A017. doi:10.1115/MSEC2017-2979. ISBN 978-0-7918-5074-9.
Furrer, David U; Dimiduk, Dennis M; Cotton, James D; Ward, Charles H (2017). "Making the Case for a Model-Based Definition of Engineering Materials". Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation. 6 (3): 249–63. doi:10.1007/s40192-017-0102-7.
Uski, Pekka; Pulkkinen, Antti; Koskinen, Kari T. (2016). Aaltonen, Jussi; Virkkunen, Riikka; Koskinen, Kari T.; Kuivanen, Risto (eds.). Can a sheet metal product be manufactured without drawings? – Product lifecycle's point of view (PDF). Proceedings of the 1st Annual SMACC Research Seminar 2016. Tampere: Tampere University of Technology. pp. 109–11. ISBN 978-952-15-3832-2.
Quintana, Virgilio; Rivest, Louis; Pellerin, Robert; Kheddouci, Fawzi (2012). "Re-engineering the Engineering Change Management process for a drawing-less environment". Computers in Industry. 63 (1): 79–90. doi:10.1016/j.compind.2011.10.003.
Hedberg, Thomas D; Hartman, Nathan W; Rosche, Phil; Fischer, Kevin (2016). "Identified research directions for using manufacturing knowledge earlier in the product life cycle". International Journal of Production Research. 55 (3): 819–827. doi:10.1080/00207543.2016.1213453. PMC 5155444. PMID 27990027.
Ma, Qin Yi; Song, Li Hua; Xie, Da Peng; Zhou, Mao Jun (2017). "Development of CAD Model Annotation System Based on Design Intent". Applied Mechanics and Materials. 863: 368–72. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.863.368. S2CID 114427127.

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