• Source: Museum Act (Japan)

      • The Museum Act (博物館法, Hakubutsukan Hō) is a Japanese law covering matters relating to the country's museums. The law was passed as Law No. 285 in 1951 and was last amended in 2022.


      Summary


      The Act distinguishes between public museums (公立博物館), being those established by local governments, and private museums (私立博物館), those established by incorporated associations and foundations or by juridical religious and other persons; as such those established by the state or an Independent Administrative Institution (such as the Tokyo, Kyoto, Nara, and Kyushu National Museums of the IAI National Institutes for Cultural Heritage) cannot become registered museums (登録博物館), but may be designated museum-equivalent facilities (博物館相当施設). Facilities that engage in similar activities but are neither registered or designated have no restrictions or conditions imposed by the Act; these are defined elsewhere as museum-like facilities (博物館類似施設). Article 2 defines museums as facilities that collect, store, research, and utilize materials on history, art, folkways, industry, and the natural sciences; as such, various types of "museum" are provided for, including botanical gardens, zoos, aquaria, and planetaria.
      As of October 2018, there were 5,738 museums in Japan: 914 registered museums, 372 museum-equivalent facilities, and 4,452 museum-like facilities.


      Articles


      The Museum Act has 29 Articles:
      Chapter 1—General Provisions (Articles 1–9)

      1. Purpose of Act
      2. Definition of museums
      3. Activities conducted by museums
      4–7. Directors, curators, qualifications, training
      8–9. Standards and evaluation
      Chapter 2—Registration (Articles 10–17)

      10. Registration
      11. Application
      12. Examination
      13. Amendment
      14. Cancellation
      15. Abolition of museums
      16. Prefectural regulations
      17. deleted
      Chapter 3—Public Museums (Articles 18–26)

      18. Establishment
      19. Jurisdiction (governed by the local board of education)
      20–22. Museum councils
      23. Admission fees
      24,26. Subsidies
      25. deleted
      Chapter 4—Private Museums (Articles 27–28)

      27. Relationship with prefectural boards of education
      28. Relationship with central and local governments
      Chapter 5—Other Provisions (Article 29)

      29. Facilities equivalent to museums
      Supplementary Provisions


      See also


      1950 Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties
      Independent Administrative Institution National Institute for Cultural Heritage
      Prefectural museum
      List of museums in Japan
      Japanese Association of Museums (日本博物館協会) (JAM)


      References




      External links


      (in English) Museum Act (UNESCO Database of National Cultural Heritage Laws)
      (in English) Present Status of Museums in Japan (Agency for Cultural Affairs; includes an English translation of the Museum Act)
      (in Japanese) Museum Act (e-gov.go.jp)
      (in Japanese) Museums (Agency for Cultural Affairs)

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