• Source: National Company for Rail Transport

The National Rail Transportation Company (French: Société Nationale des Transports Ferroviaires, abbreviated SNTF, Arabic: الشركة الوطنية للنّقل بالسّكك الحديدية) is Algeria's national railway operator. The SNTF, a state-owned company, currently has a monopoly over Algeria's rail network of 3,973 km (2,469 mi), although it is currently utilising only 3,572 km (2,220 mi). Out of the total railway network, 2,888 km (1,795 mi) are 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge (283 km or 176 mi of these are electrified) and 1,085 km (674 mi) are 1,055 mm (3 ft 5+1⁄2 in) narrow gauge (as of 2008).




History






= The beginnings

=

The history of the railway in Algeria began with the colonisation of the country by France. On 8 April 1857, a decree ordered the creation of 1,357 km (843 mi) of railways, beginning with the construction of a standard gauge line from Algiers to Blida, which started on 12 December 1859. The French private company Compagnie des chemins de fer algériens started working on the line with the help of the French army on 11 July 1860. Around the same time, the company obtained permission to create an Oran-Sig line and a Constantine-Skikda line. However, due to economic difficulties, only the Algiers-Blida line was finished, and it was subsequently opened to the public on 8 September 1862. Afterwards, 5 other companies started the construction of new lines:

La Compagnie Bône - Guelma (BG)
La Compagnie de l'Est Algérien (EA) (Eastern Algeria)
La Compagnie Paris - Lyon - Méditerranée (PLM)
La Compagnie de l'Ouest Algérien (OA) (Western Algeria)
La Compagnie Franco - Algérienne (FA)
Between 1857 and 1878, the following lines (or parts of them) were finished, totalling 1,365 km (848 mi), which exceeded initial expectations:

Annaba - Berrahal
Annaba - Bouchegouf - Guelma
El Khroub - Oued Zenati
Constantine - Skikda
Constantine - Sétif
Algiers - Thénia
Algiers - Oran
Arzew - La Macta - Mohammedia
Mohammadia - Mécheria
Oued Tlélat-Sidi Bel Abbès




= Nationalisation

=

After 1879, France divided the railway lines being built into categories of local interest or of general interest, with only the latter being eligible to receive state funding. The 18 July 1879 decree defined the extent of some "general interest" lines and ordered the construction of a further 1,747 km (1,086 mi) of railways to expand the existing network. Between 1879 and 1906, the following lines (or parts of them) were finished, totalling 2,035 km (1,264 mi):

Souk Ahras—Tébessa—Le Kouif—Tunisian border
Berrahal—Ramdane Djamel
Ouled Rahmoune—Khenchela
El Guerrah—Biskra
Sétif—Thénia with further lines to include Tizi Ouzou, Béjaia and Sour El-Ghozlane
Blida—Berrouaghia
Mostaganem—Relizane—Tiaret
Oran—Arzew
Es Sénia—Aïn Témouchent
Sidi Bel Abbès—Tlemcen—Moroccan border
Tabia—Crampel
Méchéria—Béchar
Tizi—Mascara
In 1946, Algeria's total railway network comprised a total of 5,014 km (3,116 mi) of active lines, in addition to mine lines, significantly more than the current network. After a while, the private companies were unable to maintain economic stability, which led the French government to buy the Franco - Algérienne, Est Algérien, Bône-Guelma and Ouest Algérien in 1900, 1908, 1905 and 1920 respectively.
On 27 September 1912, the state-owned Compagnie des Chemins de Fer Algériens de l'Etat (CFAE) assumed control of all lines, except those owned by the Compagnie Paris - Lyon - Méditerranée. On 1 July 1921, the CFAE and PLM agreed to share the Algerian railway network with the PLM operating the Algiers-Oran, Oran-Aïn Témouchent, Sidi Bel Abbès-Tlemcen-Oujda-Crampel, Blida-Hassi Bahbah lines (effectively Western Algeria) while the CFAE operated the rest.
On 30 May 1938, both companies were incorporated into the newly founded SNCF, which operated all of France's railway network, with the Algerian network becoming a région. On 1 January 1939, the Office des Chemins de fer Algériens (Office CFA) was created, focusing on the Algerian network.
On 30 June 1959, an agreement was made between the French government and the OCFA leading to the creation of the Société des Chemins de Fer Français en Algérie which commenced operations on 1 January 1, 1960. This new company operated Algeria's railways until its replacement by the Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Algériens (SNCFA) on 16 June 1963, a year after Algeria's independence.




= Post-Independence

=

On 30 March 1976, the SNCFA split into the following companies:

SNTF, for the operation and maintenance of the lines;
SNERIF, for the renewal and extension of the network;
SIF, for the engineering and modernisation of the infrastructure.
This reorganisation was intended to improve the railway network and services in Algeria, however it proved unsuccessful, and the two latter companies were reintegrated into the SNTF. In 1980, a convention for the relations between the Algerian state and the SNTF was signed, officially called decree N° 88-128 of 28 June 1988. This convention is still in effect and regulates the salaries of the workers and the maintenance of the infrastructure, and bears similarities with the June 1959 convention. In December 1990, the SNTF became an Établissement Public à caractère Industriel et Commercial (EPIC).




= Recent investments

=
Large investment programs were launched after 1980 to improve the Algerian railway network, such as the construction of the Jijel-Ramdane-Djamel line (140 km or 87 mi), the Béni Saf area railway, providing transportation for its cement plant (23 km or 14 mi), and in the Saïda (23 km) and Aïn Touta areas (15 km or 9.3 mi).
In addition to that, about 1,400 km (870 mi) of track were replaced, both the track ballast and the railway ties, as well as the duplication of the tracks of the Rocade Nord in Algiers (about 200 km or 120 mi). Many train stations all over the country were modernised or even reconstructed, and there were also many improvements to the railways in the vicinities of Algiers and Annaba.
A new, separate organisation, Anesrif, has been created to manage infrastructure investment whilst SNTF concentrates on day-to-day operations. Anesrif has awarded a series of contracts to build new infrastructure and upgrade existing lines, including the construction of a single-track line from Relizane to Tiaret and Tissemsilt, forming part of the High Plateau line.




Rolling stock


As of 2017, SNTF's rolling stock inventory consisted of:

258 Locomotives
10,129 Railway cars
380 Passenger cars
17 Alstom Coradia - built at De Dietrich Ferroviaire plant in Reichshoffen, France
17 CAF TDMD S/599
64 Stadler Flirt

























Railway links to adjacent countries


1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) gauge links were built to both Morocco and Tunisia. However, the land border with Morocco has since been closed.




Affiliations


The SNTF is a member of the following organisations:

African Union of Railways
Arab Union of Railways
Comité du Transport Ferroviaire Maghrebin (CTFM) (has its headquarters in Algiers)
International Union of Railways (UIC)




See also



History of rail transport in Algeria
Similar gauges




References and notes






External links


Official website (in French)
EngRailHistory The Railways of Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria (Internet Archive)

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Japan Transport Engineering Company
• TfL Rail
• Thomas Nationwide Transport
• Crossrail
• Jalur London Timur
• McConnell Dowell
• Boeing
• Metro Kairo
• Toll Group
• London
• National Company for Rail Transport
• Rail transport company
• Transport for Wales Rail
• Rail transport in Australia
• Rail transport in Austria
• History of rail transport
• Rail transport operations
• Rail transport in New Zealand
• Transport for Wales
• Rail transport in Wales