- Source: Naval Medical Research Unit Indo Pacific
The Naval Medical Research Unit Indo Pacific, formerly known as Naval Medical Research Unit Two (NAMRU-2), is a biomedical research laboratory of the US Navy established with the purpose to study infectious diseases of potential military significance in Asia. NAMRU-2 is officially registered as a subordinate command of Naval Medical Research Command located on Silver Spring, Maryland, U.S. and considered as the center network of laboratories around the world.
NAMRU-2 operates in several countries in Southeast Asia, including Vietnam, Laos, Singapore, Philippines, Thailand, and Indonesia. In Phnom Penh, Cambodia, NAMRU-2 opened, outfitted, and staffed a satellite laboratory to conduct regional infectious disease outbreak research, and diagnostic laboratory support within the Office of Defense Cooperation, U.S. Embassy Singapore.
Location
NAMRU-2 was founded as Naval Medical Research Unit 2, at Rockefeller University in New York City in 1944 with Captain Thomas Rivers as commanding officer. It moved to Guam in 1945 to study medical problems of the Navy and Marine Corps during World War II pacific operations. In 1955 Commander Robert Allan Phillips convinced US naval leadership that a research presence was needed in the pacific region. NAMRU-2 was reestablished in Taipei, Taiwan in 1955 with now Captain Phillips as its commanding officer. Phillips would remain as commander for the next 10 years.
In 1966, NAMRU-2 opened a detachment at the Naval Support Activity Hospital in Da Nang, South Vietnam. It was here that Lieutenant Myron Tong performed some of his seminal research into pathogens infecting combat wounds resulting in the first descriptions of acinetobacter baumannii infection in combat casualties. The research detachment would remain until 1970 when it was disestablished.
In 1970, NAMRU-2 would establish a detachment in Jakarta, Indonesia upon the invitation of Indonesian Ministry of Health officials. In 1979, U.S. diplomatic recognition of the People's Republic of China resulted in the relocation of the NAMRU-2 Command from Taipei to Manila, Philippines and in 1990 due to political upheaval and possible threats to US personnel it was again relocated to Jakarta, Indonesia. The facility in Jakarta is located in 62,000 square feet of laboratory, office and storage spaces in three buildings within the Indonesian Ministry of Health, National Institutes of Health (Badan LITBANGKES) compound. In the 1990s NAMRU-2 performed cutting-edge research on the use of primaquine as primary prophylaxis for plasmodium falciparum malaria in Javanese men living in Irian Jaya.
In 1998, NAMRU-2 became part of the newly reorganized Naval Medical Research Center.
In 2002, Phnom Penh activities were established by NAMRU-2 to conduct regional infectious disease research and diagnostic laboratory support, operating out of a laboratory located at the National Institutes of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. In 2007, to reflect Navy Medicine's priorities in response to global emerging infectious disease threats, NAMRU-2 recognized the activities in Phnom Penh as a detachment, while at the same time opening a detachment within the Office of Defense Cooperation, U.S. Embassy Singapore.
Achievement
In 1946, NAMRU-2 was redesignated the U.S. Naval Institute of Tropical Medicine (NITM) reflecting its focus on tropical infections of interest to the military such as malaria and Dengue fever. In 1947 NAMRU-2 developed a therapeutic regimen for cholera utilizing whole blood and plasma-specific gravity as guides, this work was a breakthrough in determining life-saving extracellular fluid requirements. However NITM was disestablished shortly thereafter.
NAMRU-2 would respond to Cholera epidemics in Bangkok, Thailand in 1958, Sulawesi, Indonesia and the Philippines in 1961, where it became a world leader in cholera research and treatment. In 1961 it established a collaborative research site at San Lazaro Hospital in Manila to assist in the El tor cholera outbreak in the Philippines, here several key hypotheses of correct intravenous fluid rehydration for cholera treatment were proven.
In 1969 researchers at NAMRU-2 would be the first to demonstrate the role of attenuated Rubella vaccine in preventing naturally acquired disease in man.
Current Activities
Surveillance of febrile illness
Surveillance of avian influenza
Investigation of Shigellosis morbidity
Investigation of drug resistant malaria
Medical entomology studies
Previous commanding officers
CAPT Robert Allan Phillips 1955-65
CAPT Raymond H. Watteb 1965-1974
CAPT Kurt Sorensen 1976-1980
CAPT William H. Schroder 1980-1984
CAPT Vernon D. Schinski 1984-1985
CAPT Larry W. Laughlin 1985-1988
CAPT James C. Coolbaugh 1988-1991
CAPT Kurt Sorensen 1991-1992
CAPT F. Stephen Wignall 1992-1996
CAPT Henrik V. Peterson 1996-1999
CAPT James R. Campbell 1999-2001
CAPT Harry J. Beecham 2001-2004
CAPT Mark T. Wooster 2004-2006
CAPT Trevor R. Jones 2006-2010
CAPT Gail L. Hathaway 2010–2012
CAPT George B. Schoeler 2012–2013
CAPT John Gilstad, Acting 2013
CAPT Carlos I. LeBron 2013–2014
CAPT Marshall R. Monteville 2014–2017
CAPT Patrick J. Blair 2017–2020
CAPT Jonathan M. Stahl 2020–Present
References
Sources
Navy Research timeline
A Legacy in 20th-Century Medicine: Robert Allan Phillips and the Taming of Cholera
Indonesia Turns Screw More: Booting Out US Naval Medical Laboratory?
Tong, M. J. (1972). "Septic complications of war wounds". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 219 (8): 1044–1047. doi:10.1001/jama.1972.03190340050011. PMID 4621762.
Fryauff, D. J.; Baird, J. K.; Basri, H.; Sumawinata, I.; Purnomo; Richie, T. L.; Ohrt, C. K.; Mouzin, E.; Church, C. J.; Richards, A. L.; Ohrt, C.; Subianto, B.; Sandjaja, B.; Hoffman, S. (1995). "Randomised placebo-controlled trial of primaquine for prophylaxis of falciparum and vivax malaria" (PDF). Lancet. 346 (8984): 1190–1193. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92898-7. PMID 7475658.
External links
Naval Medical Research Unit-2 official website
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Naval Medical Research Unit Indo Pacific
- Naval Medical Research Command
- United States Indo-Pacific Command
- List of active Royal Navy ships
- Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam
- Indo-Pakistani war of 1971
- Chief of the Naval Staff (India)
- List of U.S. Department of Defense agencies
- Indian Armed Forces
- Indian Navy
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