• Source: Nicolo Schiro

Nicolo "Cola" Schiro (born Nicolò Schirò; Italian pronunciation: [nikoˈlɔ skiˈrɔ]; September 2, 1872 – April 29, 1957) was an early Sicilian-born New York City mobster who, in 1912, became the boss of what later become known as the Bonanno crime family.
Schiro's leadership of the mafia clan would see it orchestrate the "Good Killers" murders, control gambling and protection rackets in Brooklyn, engage in bootlegging during Prohibition, and print counterfeit money.
A conflict with rival mafia boss Joe Masseria would force Schiro out as boss, after which he returned to Sicily.




Early life


Nicolò Schirò was born on September 2, 1872, in the town of Roccamena, in the Province of Palermo, Sicily to Matteo Schirò and his wife, Maria Antonia Rizzuto. His father's family came from the Arbëreshë community of Contessa Entellina. A few years later, Schiro's family moved to his mother's hometown in nearby Camporeale.
Schiro immigrated to the United States in 1897. By May 1902, he was living in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn, following a return trip to Sicily.
In April 1905, Schiro was arrested for operating a butcher shop on a Sunday contrary to New York's Blue laws. He would later become a yeast salesman and broker.




Mafia boss


Schiro became the new head of the local mafia centered in Williamsburg in March 1912, replacing Sebastiano DiGaetano.
Secret Service informant Salvatore Clemente reported in November 1913 that Schiro was aligned with the Morello crime family in a war against fellow New York mafia boss, and capo dei capi, Salvatore D'Aquila. Schiro later developed a more neutral stance, siding with neither D'Aquila's nor the Morello mafia clans.
Schiro's gang ran the Williamsburg area numbers gambling racket while extorting local Italian immigrants through Black Hand and protection rackets. If their extortion money was not paid, the victims' homes or businesses could be vandalized or destroyed.
Schiro ran his mafia clan conservatively, conducting its criminal activity primarily among the Sicilian immigrant community. He was never arrested during his time as boss, avoiding attention from authorities and the media.
Schiro developed close relationships with local business and political leaders and was on the board of directors of the local United Italian-American Democratic Club.
Schiro's first application for United States citizenship was rejected in 1913 due to his "lack of knowledge of the US Constitution". He later successfully naturalized as an American citizen in 1914.
In 1919, the Bureau of Investigation reviewed a list of Black Hand suspects in southern Colorado compiled by the sheriff of Huerfano County. On the list of names was Schiro gangster Frank Lanza, with the sheriff writing that Lanza had arrived in Colorado from New York "every May pretending to buy cheese but comes to organize Black-handers".




"The Good Killers"



On November 11, 1917, two Schiro gangsters, Antonio Mazzara and Antonino DiBenedetto were shot to death near the intersection of North 5th and Roebling streets in Brooklyn. One gunman, Antonio Massino, was arrested near the scene but another, Detroit mobster Giuseppe Buccellato, escaped.
Buccellato killed Mazzara and DiBenedetto after they refused to divulge the whereabouts of fellow Schiro gangster, Stefano Magaddino. Magaddino had orchestrated the murder earlier that March of Giuseppe's brother and fellow Detroit gangster, Felice Buccellato, due to the mafia clan of Magaddino and Vito Bonventre feuding with the mafia clan of the Buccellatos back in their hometown of Castellammare del Golfo.




= 1917 Detroit autoworker shootings

=
Determined to kill but unable to locate Giuseppe Buccellato, Schiro and Magaddino decided to target his family. Giuseppe's cousin, Pietro Buccellato, worked at the Ford Motor Company factory in Highland Park, Michigan and Schiro arranged with Detroit mafia boss Tony Giannola to have him murdered.
On December 8, 1917, a Romanian autoworker named Joseph Constantin, who was mistaken for Pietro Buccellato, was shot and wounded.
On December 19, Paul Mutruc, another Romanian autoworker in Detroit, was mistaken for Pietro Buccellato. He was shot several times in the back and then shot twice in the head, killing him.
On December 22, as Pietro Buccellato waited with other passengers to board an approaching trolley, two gunmen fired multiple shots into him. An errant shot through one of the trolley windows nearly hit a passenger. Buccellato survived long enough to be taken to a hospital where he told police, before dying, he was attacked "on account of his cousin".




= Fontana testimony

=
In August 1921, a barber named Bartolo Fontana turned himself into the New York police, confessing to a murder a couple of weeks prior in New Jersey.
Fontana claimed he murdered Camillo Caiozzo at the behest of the "Good Killers", a group of leading mafiosi in the Schiro gang who hailed from Castellammare del Golfo, in retaliation for Caiozzo's involvement in the 1916 murder of Stefano Magaddino's brother, Pietro Magaddino, back in Sicily. Fontana, fearing he might be murdered by them, agreed to help police set up a sting operation. Stefano Magaddino met Fontana at Grand Central Station to give Fontana $30 to help him flee the city. After the exchange, Magaddino was arrested by a group of undercover police. Vito Bonventre, Francesco Puma and three other gangsters were subsequently arrested for their involvement in the murder.
Fontana revealed that the "Good Killers" were also responsible for a string of other murders. Some of the victims were connected to the Buccellato mafia clan in Castellammere del Golfo, while others had complained after being cheated in gambling rackets run by the Schiro gang.
Also targeted were supporters of Salvatore Loiacano, who had taken over the Morello gang with Salvatore D'Aquila's backing. Following Loiacano's 1920 murder, several of his followers were also murdered. Fontana claimed they were also victims of the "Good Killers". Morello had made a deal with Schiro, his earlier ally against D'Aquila, to kill Loiacano's supporters with people unfamiliar to them.
Charges against Magaddino and Bonventre were dropped despite the New York police officers' testimony about the sting linking Magaddino to the murder. Francesco Puma was murdered on a New York street while out on bail awaiting trial, with a stray bullet from the shooting also hitting a seven-year-old girl. Fontana went to prison for Caiozzo's murder with no other convictions in the case. Magaddino fled New York City after his release, ending up in the Buffalo, New York area.




1920s and Prohibition


Several Schiro gangsters became mafia bosses in other cities – Frank Lanza in San Francisco, Stefano Magaddino in Buffalo, and Gaspare Messina in New England. Schiro was also close to future Los Angeles boss, Nick Licata.
In April 1921, Schiro admitted Nicola Gentile into his gang in order to protect Gentile from capo dei capi Salvatore D'Aquila as a show of Schiro's independence from D'Aquila.
Schiro gangster, Giovanni Battista Dibella was arrested (under the alias Piazza) on July 14, 1921, when over $100,000 worth of whiskey and numerous forged medicinal liquor permits were seized during a raid by Prohibition agents Izzy Einstein and Moe Smith at Dibella's olive oil warehouse in Brooklyn. Schiro had been a witness at Dibella's wedding in 1912.




= Counterfeit money

=
On August 2, 1922, Secret Service agents arrested Schiro gangster Benjamin Gallo, along with four others, for operating a sophisticated counterfeiting plant at a bakery on Rockaway Avenue in Brooklyn. There agents found dyes, presses, paper, and hundreds of dollars worth of counterfeit $5, $10, and $20 bills, along with an illicit alcohol still.




= Bootlegging and immigration fraud

=
Future boss Joseph Bonanno illegally immigrated to the U.S. during the mid-1920s, soon joining the Schiro gang as a protege of Salvatore Maranzano. In his autobiography, Bonanno writes he thought Schiro was "a compliant fellow with little backbone" and "extremely reluctant to ruffle anyone". Bonanno's second cousin, Vito Bonventre, remained a leader within Schiro's gang following his arrest and release during the "Good Killers" affair. During Prohibition, Bonventre developed a widespread bootlegging operation with Bonanno recalling "Next to Schiro, Bonventre was probably the most wealthy" of the crime family.
Maranzano, a Castellammare del Golfo-born son-in-law of a Sicilian mafia boss in Trapani, had joined the Schiro mafia clan in the mid-1920s and helped it create an extensive bootlegging network in Dutchess County, New York, along with a ring providing fraudulent immigration and naturalization documents to Italians smuggled into the United States.




Ouster and return to Sicily


Between 1923 and 1928, Schiro felt secure enough in his position as boss to make three trips to Europe.
Salvatore D'Aquila was murdered on October 10, 1928. Fellow New York boss Joe Masseria was selected to replace D'Aquila as the new capo dei capi. Following his elevation, Masseria began demanding monetary tributes from other mafia clans.
Schiro attended the January 1929 wedding of the son of San Francisco boss Frank Lanza in Los Angeles. He provoked Masseria's ire after warning Lanza of a mafia plot to kidnap him.
In 1930, Masseria demanded Schiro pay $10,000 and step down as boss of his mafia crime family in order to spare his life. After being forced out, Schiro returned to his hometown of Camporeale, Sicily.
Judicial summons for Schiro and other officers of the Masterbilt Housing Corporation were published in Brooklyn newspapers in the fall of 1931.
In 1934, a memorial was dedicated in Camporeale to its soldiers killed during World War I. It was built from donations collected by Schiro from Camporealese immigrants in America.
Schiro was stripped of his U.S. citizenship following a request by the American consulate in Palermo on October 14, 1949. He died in Camporeale on April 29, 1957.




See also



Castellammarese War
Crime in New York City




Notes






References


Citations

Sources

Bonanno, Joseph; Lalli, Sergio (1983). A Man of Honor: The Autobiography of Joseph Bonanno. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780312979232.
Buccellato, James A. (2015). Early Organized Crime in Detroit: Vice, Corruption and the Rise of the Mafia. Charleston: The History Press. ISBN 9781625855497.
Critchley, David (2009). The Origin of Organized Crime in America: The New York City Mafia, 1891-1931. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415990301.
Dash, Mike (2010). The First Family: Terror, Extortion, Revenge, Murder and the Birth of the American Mafia. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 9780345523570.
Downey, Patrick (2004). Gangster City: A History of the New York Underworld, 1900-1935. Barricade Books. ISBN 9781569802670.
Ghiglieri, Matt; O'Haire, Michael (October 2023). "Lanza's NY firms may have been Mafia fronts: San Francisco's boss made his early fortune on Manhattan's Lower East Side". Informer: The History of American Crime and Law Enforcement: 102–109.
Hortis, C. Alexander (2014). The Mob and the City: The Hidden History of how the Mafia Captured New York. Prometheus Books. ISBN 9781616149239.
Hunt, Thomas; Critchley, David; Van't Reit, Lennert; Turner, Steve (October 2020). "Nicola Gentile: Chronicler of Mafia History". Informer: The History of American Crime and Law Enforcement: 5–41.
Hunt, Thomas (October 2020). "The others: Bios of significant figures in Gentile's life story". Informer: The History of American Crime and Law Enforcement: 87–144.
Lupo, Salvatore (2015). The Two Mafias: A Transatlantic History, 1888-2008. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. ISBN 9781137491374.
O'Haire, Michael (October 2021). "San Francisco boss Lanza held key role with Colorado's Mafia". Informer: The History of American Crime and Law Enforcement: 66–68.
Petepiece, Andy (2021). The Bonanno Family: A History of New York's Bonanno Mafia Family. Tellwell. ISBN 9780228852919.
Schmitt, Gavin (July 2012). "The Underworld's Interest in Wisconsin's Cheese". Informer: The History of American Crime and Law Enforcement: 56–65.
Warner, Richard; Santino, Angelo; Van't Reit, Lennert (May 2014). "Early New York Mafia: An Alternative Theory". Informer: The History of American Crime and Law Enforcement.
Waugh, Daniel (2019). Vinnitta: The Birth of the Detroit Mafia. Lulu Publishing Services. ISBN 9781483496276.




External links


Detroit fish market murders spark Mafia war, article by Thomas Hunt at The Writers of Wrongs.
Two killed at Castellammarese colony in Brooklyn, article by Thomas Hunt at The Writers of Wrongs.
Nicolo Schiro information in the FBI file of James Lanza, at Internet Archive.

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• Nicolo Schiro
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• Castellammarese War
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