74 min
- Source: Ninam language
Yanam, or Ninam, is a Yanomaman language spoken in Roraima, Brazil (800 speakers) and southern Venezuela near the Mucajai, upper Uraricaá, and Paragua rivers.
Synonymy
Yanam is also known by the following names: Ninam, Yanam–Ninam, Xirianá, Shiriana Casapare, Kasrapai, Jawaperi, Crichana, Jawari, Shiriana, Eastern Yanomaman.
Regional variation
Gordon (2009) reports 2 main varieties (Northern, Southern). Kaufman (1994) reports 3:
Yanam (a.k.a. Northern Yanam/Ninam (Xiliana, Shiriana, Uraricaa-Paragua))
Ninam (a.k.a. Southern Yanam/Ninam (Xilixana, Shirishana, Mukajai))
Jawarib
The name Jawari is shared with Yaroamë.
There are three dialects spoken in Roraima, Brazil according to Ferreira, et al. (2019):
Northern (Xiriana): Ericó and Saúba
Southern: Mucajaí
Central: Uraricoera
The remaining speakers of Arutani and Sapé also speak Ninam (Shirián), since they now mostly live in Ninam villages.
Phonology
Yanam has seven base vowels. Yanam has both vowel length and nasalization, and both features can occur simultaneously, for all vowels except for /ɨ/.
References
Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.
Migliazza, Ernest; & Grimes, J. E. (1961). Shiriana phonology. Anthropological Linguistics. (June).
External links
Ninam (Shirishana variety) (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)
Portal Japiim (online dictionary)
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Ninam language
- Ninam
- Yanomaman languages
- Arutani language
- Ỹaroamë language
- Xiriana language
- Jawaperi language
- List of endangered languages in Brazil
- Languages of Venezuela
- Sapé language
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