• Source: Nitramide

Nitramide or nitroamine is a chemical compound with the molecular formula H2N−NO2. Substituted derivatives R1R2N−NO2 are termed nitramides or nitroamines as well. Organyl derivatives of nitramide, R−NH−NO2 and R2N−NO2, are widely used as explosives: examples include RDX and HMX. It is an isomer of hyponitrous acid. Nitramide can be viewed as a nitrogen analog of nitric acid (HO−NO2), in which the hydroxyl group −OH is replaced with the amino group −NH2.




Structure


The nitramide molecule is essentially an amine group (−NH2) bonded to a nitro group (−NO2). It is reported to be non-planar in the gas phase, but planar in the crystal phase.




Synthesis


Thiele and Lachman's original synthesis of nitramide involved the hydrolysis of potassium nitrocarbamate:

(K+)2(O2N−N−−CO−2) + 2 H2SO4 → H2N−NO2 + CO2 + 2 KHSO4
Other routes to nitramide include hydrolysis of nitrocarbamic acid,

O2N−NH−CO2H → H2N−NO2 + CO2
reaction of sodium sulfamate with nitric acid,

Na(SO3NH2) + HNO3 → H2N−NO2 + NaHSO4
and reaction of dinitrogen pentoxide with two equivalents of ammonia.

N2O5 + 2 NH3 → H2N−NO2 + [NH4]+NO−3




Organic nitramides



Also called nitramines, organic nitramides are important explosives. They are prepared by nitrolysis of hexamethylenetetramine.




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Monopropelan
• Nitramide
• Nitroamine
• Ammonium dinitramide
• Hyponitrous acid
• H2N2O2
• Trinitramide
• Nitrolysis
• Thiamethoxam
• Dinitrogen pentoxide
• Imidacloprid