• Source: O-Xylene

o-Xylene (ortho-xylene) is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C6H4(CH3)2, with two methyl substituents bonded to adjacent carbon atoms of a benzene ring (the ortho configuration). It is a constitutional isomer of m-xylene and p-xylene, the mixture being called xylene or xylenes. o-Xylene is a colourless slightly oily flammable liquid.




Production and use


Petroleum contains about one weight percent xylenes. Most o-xylene is produced by cracking petroleum, which affords a distribution of aromatic compounds, including xylene isomers. m-Xylene is isomerized to o-xylene. Net production was approximately 500,000 tons in the year 2000.
o-Xylene is largely used in the production of phthalic anhydride, which is a precursor to many materials, drugs, and other chemicals. Related to their easy oxidation, the methyl groups are susceptible to halogenation. When treated with elemental bromine, these groups are brominated, yielding xylylene dibromide:

C6H4(CH3)2 + 2 Br2 → C6H4(CH2Br)2 + 2 HBr




Toxicity and exposure


Xylenes are not acutely toxic, for example the LD50 (rat, oral) is 4300 mg/kg. Effects vary with animal and xylene isomer. Concerns with xylenes focus on narcotic effects.




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Xilena
• X
• Biru berlian FCF
• O-Xylene
• Xylene
• M-Xylene
• P-Xylene
• O-Xylene (data page)
• Tetrabromo-o-xylene
• O-Toluic acid
• C8H10
• BTX (chemistry)
• Azeotrope tables