• Source: Olive snail

Olive snails, also known as olive shells and olives, scientific name Olividae, are a taxonomic family of medium to large predatory sea snails with smooth, shiny, elongated oval-shaped shells.
The shells often show various muted but attractive colors, and may be patterned also. They are marine gastropod molluscs in the family Olividae within the main clade Neogastropoda.




Taxonomy


According to the Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod Families (2017) the family Olividae consists of five subfamilies:

Olivinae Latreille, 1825 – synonyms: Dactylidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (inv.);
Agaroniinae Olsson, 1956
Calyptolivinae Kantor, Fedosov, Puillandre, Bonillo & Bouchet, 2017
Olivancillariinae Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975
Olivellinae Troschel, 1869




Distribution


Olive snails are found worldwide, in subtropical and tropical seas and oceans.




Habitat


These snails are found on sandy substrates intertidally and subtidally.




Life habits


The olive snails are all carnivorous sand-burrowers. They feed mostly on bivalves and carrion and are known as some of the fastest burrowers among snails. They secrete a mucus similar to that of the Muricidae, from which a purple dye can be made.




Shell description


Physically the shells are oval and cylindrical in shape. They have a well-developed stepped spire. Olive shells have a siphonal notch at the posterior end of the long narrow aperture. The siphon of the living animal protrudes from the siphon notch.
The shell surface is extremely glossy because in life the mantle almost always covers the shell.




The fossil record


Olive shells first appeared during the Campanian.




Human use


Olive shells are popular with shell collectors, and are also often made into jewelry and other decorative items.
The shell of the lettered olive, Oliva sayana, is the state shell of South Carolina in the United States.




Genera


Genera within the family Olividae include:

Agaronia Gray, 1839
Americoliva Petuch, 2013 (synonym of Oliva)
Callianax H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
Calyptoliva Kantor & Bouchet, 2007
Cupidoliva Iredale, 1924
Felicioliva Petuch & Berschauer, 2017
† Lamprodomina Marwick, 1931
Miniaceoliva Petuch & Sargent, 1986
Oliva Bruguière, 1789
Olivancillaria d'Orbigny, 1840
Omogymna Martens, 1897
† Pseudolivella Glibert, 1960
Recourtoliva Petuch & Berschauer, 2017
† Spirancilla H. E. Vokes, 1936
†Torqueoliva Landau, da Silva & Heitz, 2016
Uzamakiella Habe, 1958
Vullietoliva Petuch & Berschauer, 2017
Genera brought into synonymy

Chilotygma H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Ancilla Lamarck, 1799
Hiatula Swainson, 1831: synonym of Agaronia Gray, 1839
Lintricula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Olivancillaria d'Orbigny, 1840
Porphyria Röding, 1798 : synonym of Oliva Bruguière, 1789
Scaphula Swainson, 1840: synonym of Olivancillaria d'Orbigny, 1840




See also


Olivella This genus has now been moved to the Olivellidae according to the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi.




References






Further reading


Hunon Ch., Hoarau A. & Robin A. (2009). Olividae (Mollusca, Gastropoda).




External links



Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Slow Food
• Sung Si-kyung
• Olive snail
• Olive (disambiguation)
• Lettered olive
• Oliva fulgurator
• Shell money
• Chumash people
• Land snail
• Oliva oliva
• Oliva leonardhilli
• Kalamata olive