• Source: Orang Kalmyk

Kalmuk (Kalmuk: Хальмгуд, Khal’mgud, Mongolia: Халимаг, Khalimag) adalah sebuah suku bangsa Oirat di Rusia, yang leluhurnya bermigrasi dari Dzungaria pada 1607. Mereka membuat Khanat Kalmuk pada 1630–1724 di wilayah Kaukasus Utara Rusia. Sekarang, mereka membentuk mayoritas di republik otonomi Kalmykia di pesisir barat Laut Kaspia.
Melalui emigrasi, komunitas Kalmuk kecil berada di Amerika Serikat, Prancis, Jerman, dan Republik Ceko.




Daftar tokoh Kalmuk terkenal






Tokoh politik


Vladimir Lenin
Ilya Ulyanov
Oka Gorodovikov
Lavr Kornilov




= Khan Kalmuk

=
Kho Orluk
Shukhur Daichin — 1654-1661
Puntsug (Monchak) — 1661-1669
Ayuka Khan — 1669-1724
Tseren Donduk Khan — 1724-1735
Donduk Ombo Khan — 1735-1741
Donduk Dashi Khan — 1741-1761
Ubashi Khan — 1761-1771




Referensi






Daftar pustaka


Adelman, Fred. Kalmyk Cultural Renewal, PhD Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania,1960.
Anonymous. Donskaia Oblast, Donskoi Pervyi Okrug, Donskoi Vtoroi Okrug (translation: The Don Region, First Don District, Second Don District), Novyi Entsliklopedicheskii Solvar, XVI, 1914.
Anuchin, D. "Kalmyki", Entsiklopedicheskii Slovar Brokgauz-Efrona, XIV, St. Petersburg, 1914.
Arbakov, Dorzha. Genocide in the USSR, Chapter II, Complete Destruction of National Groups as Groups, The Kalmyks, Nikolai Dekker and Andrei Lebed, Editors, Series I, No. 40, Institute for the Study of the USSR, Munich, 1958.
Borisov, T.K. Kalmykiya; a historic-political and socio-economic survey, Moscow-Leningrad, 1926.
Bormanshinov, Arash. The Kalmyks: Their Ethnic, Historical, Religious, and Cultural Background, Kalmyk American Cultural Association, Occasional Papers Number One, 1990.
Bretschneider, E.V. Medieval Researches from Eastern Asiatic Sources, 2 vols., London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, 1910.
Dunnell, Ruth W.; Elliott, Mark C.; Foret, Philippe; Millward, James A (2004). New Qing Imperial History: The Making of Inner Asian Empire at Qing Chengde. Routledge. ISBN 1134362226. Diakses tanggal 2014-03-10.
Dzhimbinov, B. Sovetskaia Kalmykiia, Moscow, 1940.
Grin, François. Kalmykia: From Oblivion to Assertion, European Center or Minority Issues, ECMI Working Paper #10, 2000.
Grousset, René. The Empire of the Steppes: a History of Central Asia, Rutgers University Press, 1970.
Halkovic, Jr., Stephen A. THE MONGOLS OF THE WEST, Indiana University Uralic and Altaic Series, Volume 148, Larry Moses, Editor, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, 1985.
Haslund, Henning. MEN AND GODS IN MONGOLIA, National Travel Club, New York, E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1935.
Heller, Mikhail and Nekrich, Aleksandr M. Utopia in Power: The History of the Soviet Union from 1917 to the Present, Summit Books, 1988.
Krader, Lawrence. Social Organization of the Mongol-Turkic Pastoral Nomads, Indiana University Publications, Uralic and Altaic Series, Vol. 20., 1963.
Khodarkovsky, Michael. Where Two Worlds Met: The Russian State and the Kalmyk Nomads 1600–1771, Cornell University Press, 1992.
Boris Malyarchuk, Miroslava Derenko, Galina Denisova, Sanj Khoyt, Marcin Wozniak, Tomasz Grzybowski and Ilya Zakharov. Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels
Loewenthal, Rudolf. THE KALMUKS AND OF THE KALMUK ASSR: A Case in the Treatment of Minorities in the Soviet Union, External Research Paper No. 101, Office of Intelligence Research, Department of State, September 5, 1952.
Millward, James A. (1998). Beyond the Pass: Economy, Ethnicity, and Empire in Qing Central Asia, 1759-1864 (edisi ke-illustrated). Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804729336. Diakses tanggal 2014-03-10.
Pallas, Peter Simon. Sammlungen Historischer Nachrichten über die Mongolischen Völkerschaften pada Google Books, 2 vols., St. Petersburg: Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1776.
Pelliot, Paul. Notes sur le Turkestan, T'oung Pao, XXVII, 1930.
Poppe, Nicholas N. The Mongolian Language Handbook, Center for Applied Linguistics, 1970.
Pozdneev, A.M. Kalmytskoe Verouchenie, Entsiklopedicheskii Slovar Brokgauz-Efrona, XIV, St. Petersburg, 1914.
Riasanovsky, V.A. Customary Law of the Mongol Tribes (Mongols, Buriats, Kalmucks), Harbin, 1929
Williamson, H.N.H. FAREWELL TO THE DON: The Russian Revolution in the Journals of Brigadier H.N.H. Williamson, John Harris, Editor, The John Day Company, New York, 1970.
Wang Jinglan, Shao Xingzhou, Cui Jing et al. Anthropological survey on the Mongolian Tuerhute tribe in He shuo county, Xinjiang Uigur autonomous region // Acta anthropologica sinica. Vol. XII, № 2. May, 1993. pp. 137–146.
Williamson, Hudleston Noel Hedworth (1970). Farewell to the Don: The Journal of Brigadier H. N. H. Williamson. Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-211164-5.
Санчиров В. П. О Происхождении этнонима торгут и народа, носившего это название // Монголо-бурятские этнонимы: cб. ст. – Улан-Удэ: БНЦ СО РАН, 1996. C. 31–50.
Galushkin S.K., Spitsyn V.A., Crawford M.H. Genetic Structure of Mongolic-speaking Kalmyks // Human Biology, December 2001, v.73, no. 6, pp. 823–834.
Хойт С.К. Генетическая структура европейских ойратских групп по локусам ABO, RH, HP, TF, GC, ACP1, PGM1, ESD, GLO1, SOD-A // Проблемы этнической истории и культуры тюрко-монгольских народов. Сборник научных трудов. Вып. I. Элиста: КИГИ РАН, 2009. с. 146–183.
[hamagmongol.narod.ru/library/khoyt_2008_r.htm Хойт С.К. Антропологические характеристики калмыков по данным исследователей XVIII–XIX вв. // Вестник Прикаспия: археология, история, этнография. № 1. Элиста: Изд-во КГУ, 2008. с. 220–243.]
[hamagmongol.narod.ru/library/khoyt_2012_r.htm Хойт С.К. Калмыки в работах антропологов первой половины XX вв. // Вестник Прикаспия: археология, история, этнография. № 3, 2012. с. 215–245.]




Pranala luar


Minorityrights.org
The Construction of a Yurt
Khoshotovsky Monastery Reconstruction Project
"Carte de Tartarie," by Guillaume de L'Isle (1675–1726). From the Map Collection of the Library of Congress
Kalmyk-Oirat: A Language of Russia (Europe)
BBC News Regions and Territories: Kalmykia
Kalmyk-Oirat: A Language of China
Kalmyk-Oirat: A Language of Mongolia
Prayer Profile: The Kalmyk of Russia
Kalmyk. (2006). Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 7, 2006.
History of Kalmykia. Retrieved from Official Web Site of the Government of the Republic of Kalmykia Diarsipkan 2011-07-19 di Wayback Machine.
Трагедия Великой Степи (Tragedy of Great Steppe) Diarsipkan 2006-08-18 di Wayback Machine.
Genetic Evidence for the Mongolian Ancestry of Kalmyks, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 126 (2005)
ibid., p7.
Official Web Site of the Embassy of Republic of Kalmykia at the President of the Russian Federation.
Dge-lugs-pa. (2006). Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 6, 2006.
Tibetan Buddhism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001–05. Retrieved March 6, 2006.
History of Buddhism in West Turkistan
Europe's biggest Buddhist temple opens in Kalmykia
Linguistic Lineage for Kalmyk-Oirat
Kalmyk News Agency
The proof of business life of Kalmykia Diarsipkan 2016-11-28 di Wayback Machine.
The Kalmyk between China and Russia
Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt (NUPI)'s Centre for Russian Studies Kalmykiya page Diarsipkan 2006-12-21 di Wayback Machine.
Kalmyk Buddhist Temple in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (1929–1944);
US Library of Congress Country Studies: Russia, The North Caucasus
Web-Portal of the Interregional Not-for-Profit Organization "The Leaders of Kalmykia" Diarsipkan 2019-01-24 di Wayback Machine.
Kalmyk Brotherhood Society, Philadelphia, PA Diarsipkan 2007-02-09 di Wayback Machine.
Kalmyk American Society
Kalmuck Mongolian Buddhist Center, Howell, NJ Diarsipkan 2013-03-06 di Wayback Machine.
Kalmyk tales in Kalmyk language Diarsipkan 2007-09-27 di Wayback Machine.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Orang Kalmyk
• Kekhanan Kalmyk
• Ilya Ulyanov
• Kirsan Ilyumzhinov
• Tartaria
• Deportasi Kalmyk
• Daftar politikus Asia di luar negara-negara Asia
• Lavr Kornilov
• Genosida Rwanda
• Bahasa Oirat
• Srivijaya
• Majapahit
• Malaysian names
• Haplogroup C-M217
• List of contemporary ethnic groups
• Multinational state
• List of dynasties
• Territories of Majapahit
• Malacca Sultanate
• Style (form of address)