• Source: Pachychilidae

Pachychilidae, common name pachychilids, is a taxonomic family of freshwater snails, gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.




Distribution



Pachychilids are freshwater snails with a worldwide distribution in the tropics. Representatives are found in South and Central America, Africa, Madagascar, South and South-east Asia and tropical Australia (Queensland: Torres Strait Islands).




Description


Pachychilids have an operculum, which is concentric and multispiral.




Ecology


All species in the family inhabit freshwater except Faunus ater, which is a brackish water snail found in estuaries and other coastal habitats. Pachychilids are either oviparous (lay eggs), ovoviviparous or viviparous (retain developing eggs and youngs in special incubatory structures).




Notes on the taxonomy


The name is derived from a combination of the words 'pachy' (Greek = thick) and the suffix '-chilus' (Greek = Lip), meaning 'thick lipped' - with respect to the thickened aperture of the shell in some species.
Most 20th-century authors did not recognize Pachychilidae as an independent family, but affiliated species under different groups, such as Thiaridae and Pleuroceridae. However, recent revisions based on molecular and morphological evidence have proven their independent and distinct status from the former.
This family has no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).




Genera



Genera within the family Pachychilidae include:

† Bellatara Strand, 1928 - with only one species Bellatara janus (Mayer, 1870)
Brotia H. Adams, 1866
Doryssa Swainson, 1840
† Eginea Pacaud & Harzhauser, 2012
Faunus de Montfort, 1810 with the only species Faunus ater (Linnaeus, 1758)
Jagora Köhler & Glaubrecht, 2003
† Jponsia Pacaud & Harzhauser, 2012
Madagasikara Köhler & Glaubrecht, 2010 - synonym: Melanatria Bowdich, 1822 auctt.
† Nodifaunus Olsson, 1944
Pachychilus I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851 - type genus of the family Pachychilidae
Paracrostoma Cossmann, 1900
Potadoma Swainson, 1840
† Pseudobellardia Cox, 1931
Pseudopotamis Martens, 1894
Sulcospira Troschel, 1858 - synonym: Adamietta Brandt, 1974
† Tinnyea Hantken, 1887
Tylomelania Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897
† Wingeastonia K. Martin, 1906
Genera brought into synonymy

Acrostoma Brot, 1871: synonym of Paracrostoma Cossmann, 1900
Antimelania P. Fischer & Crosse, 1892: synonym of Brotia H. Adams, 1866
Brotella Rovereto, 1899: synonym of Paracrostoma Cossmann, 1900
Fauninae Cossmann, 1909 (subfamily) : synonym of Pachychilidae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1892
Melanatria Bowdich, 1822: synonym of Faunus Montfort, 1810
Oxymelania Crosse & P. Fischer, 1892: synonym of Pachychilus I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851
Pirena Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Faunus Montfort, 1810
Sphaeromelania Rovereto, 1899: synonym of Pachychilus I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851
Wanga Chen, 1943: synonym of Brotia H. Adams, 1866




Cladogram


A cladogram based on sequences of mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA sequences showing phylogenic relations of Pachychilidae:




References






Further reading


Köhler F., von Rintelen T., Meyer A. & Glaubrecht M. (2004). "Multiple origin of viviparity in southeast Asian gastropods (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) and its evolutionary implications". Evolution 58(10): 2215-2226. doi:10.1554/04-344.




External links


Media related to Pachychilidae at Wikimedia Commons

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Susuh kura
• Danau Poso
• Pachychilidae
• Freshwater snail
• Tylomelania
• Tylomelania gemmifera
• Tylomelania patriarchalis
• Tylomelania sinabartfeldi
• Tylomelania hannelorae
• Tylomelania masapensis
• Brotia herculea
• Tylomelania connectens